Deuteronomy 3:11

3:11 Only King Og of Bashan was left of the remaining Rephaites. (It is noteworthy ¹  that his sarcophagus ²  was made of iron. ³  Does it not, indeed, still remain in Rabbath ⁴  of the Ammonites? It is thirteen and a half feet ⁵  long and six feet ⁶  wide according to standard measure.) ⁷ 

Deuteronomy 3:1

Defeat of King Og of Bashan

3:1 Next we set out on ⁸  the route to Bashan, ⁹  but King Og of Bashan and his whole army ¹⁰  came out to meet us in battle at Edrei. ¹¹ 

Deuteronomy 11:23

11:23 then he ¹²  will drive out all these nations ahead of you, and you will dispossess nations greater and stronger than you.

Amos 2:9

2:9 For Israel’s sake I destroyed the Amorites. ¹³ 

They were as tall as cedars ¹⁴ 

and as strong as oaks,

but I destroyed the fruit on their branches ¹⁵ 

and their roots in the ground. ¹⁶ 

¹ tn Heb “Behold” (הִנֵּה, hinneh).

² tn The Hebrew term עֶרֶשׂ (’eres), traditionally translated “bed” (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) is likely a basaltic (volcanic) stone sarcophagus of suitable size to contain the coffin of the giant Rephaite king. Its iron-like color and texture caused it to be described as an iron container. See A. Millard, “King Og’s Iron Bed: Fact or Fancy?” BR 6 (1990): 16-21, 44; cf. also NEB “his sarcophagus of basalt”; TEV, CEV “his coffin.”

³ tn Or “of iron-colored basalt.” See note on the word “sarcophagus” earlier in this verse.

⁴ sn Rabbath. This place name (usually occurring as Rabbah; 2 Sam 11:11; 12:27; Jer 49:3) refers to the ancient capital of the Ammonite kingdom, now the modern city of Amman, Jordan. The word means “great [one],” probably because of its political importance. The fact that the sarcophagus “still remain[ed]” there suggests this part of the verse is post-Mosaic, having been added as a matter of explanation for the existence of the artifact and also to verify the claim as to its size.

⁵ tn Heb “nine cubits.” Assuming a length of 18 in (45 cm) for the standard cubit, this would be 13.5 ft (4.1 m) long.

⁶ tn Heb “four cubits.” This would be 6 ft (1.8 m) wide.

⁷ tn Heb “by the cubit of man.” This probably refers to the “short” or “regular” cubit of approximately 18 in (45 cm).

⁸ tn Heb “turned and went up.”

⁹ sn Bashan. This plateau country, famous for its oaks (Isa 2:13) and cattle (Deut 32:14; Amos 4:1), was north of Gilead along the Yarmuk River.

¹⁰ tn Heb “people.”

¹¹ sn Edrei is probably modern Deràa, 60 mi (95 km) south of Damascus (see Num 21:33; Josh 12:4; 13:12, 31; also mentioned in Deut 1:4).

¹² tn Heb “the Lord.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.

¹³ tn Heb “I destroyed the Amorites from before them.” The translation takes מִפְּנֵי (mippÿney) in the sense of “for the sake of.” See BDB 818 s.v. פָּנֻה II.6.a and H. W. Wolff, Joel and Amos (Hermeneia), 134. Another option is to take the phrase in a spatial sense, “I destroyed the Amorites, [clearing them out] from before them [i.e., Israel]” (cf. NIV, NRSV).

¹⁴ tn Heb “whose height was like the height of cedars.”

¹⁵ tn Heb “his fruit from above.”

¹⁶ tn Heb “and his roots from below.”