Deuteronomy 5:13-15

5:13 You are to work and do all your tasks in six days, 5:14 but the seventh day is the Sabbath ¹  of the Lord your God. On that day you must not do any work, you, your son, your daughter, your male slave, your female slave, your ox, your donkey, any other animal, or the foreigner who lives with you, ²  so that your male and female slaves, like yourself, may have rest. 5:15 Recall that you were slaves in the land of Egypt and that the Lord your God brought you out of there by strength and power. ³  That is why the Lord your God has commanded you to observe ⁴  the Sabbath day.

Isaiah 58:3

58:3 They lament, ⁵  ‘Why don’t you notice when we fast?

Why don’t you pay attention when we humble ourselves?’

Look, at the same time you fast, you satisfy your selfish desires, ⁶ 

you oppress your workers. ⁷ 

¹ tn There is some degree of paronomasia (wordplay) here: “the seventh (הַשְּׁבִיעִי, hashÿvi’i) day is the Sabbath (שַׁבָּת, shabbat).” Otherwise, the words have nothing in common, since “Sabbath” is derived from the verb שָׁבַת (shavat, “to cease”).

² tn Heb “in your gates”; NRSV, CEV “in your towns”; TEV “in your country.”

³ tn Heb “by a strong hand and an outstretched arm,” the hand and arm symbolizing divine activity and strength. Cf. NLT “with amazing power and mighty deeds.”

⁴ tn Or “keep” (so KJV, NRSV).

⁵ tn The words “they lament” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

⁶ tn Heb “you find pleasure”; NASB “you find your desire.”

⁷ tn Or perhaps, “debtors.” See HALOT 865 s.v. * עָצֵב.