15:14 The nations will hear 2 and tremble;
anguish 3 will seize 4 the inhabitants of Philistia.
15:15 Then the chiefs of Edom will be terrified, 5
trembling will seize 6 the leaders of Moab,
and the inhabitants of Canaan will shake.
15:16 Fear and dread 7 will fall 8 on them;
by the greatness 9 of your arm they will be as still as stone 10
until 11 your people pass by, O Lord,
until the people whom you have bought 12 pass by.
23:27 “I will send my terror 13 before you, and I will destroy 14 all the people whom you encounter; I will make all your enemies turn their backs 15 to you.
7:6 Joshua tore his clothes; 28 he and the leaders 29 of Israel lay face down on the ground before the ark of the Lord until evening 30 and threw dirt on their heads. 31 7:7 Joshua prayed, 32 “O, Master, Lord! Why did you bring these people across the Jordan to hand us over to the Amorites so they could destroy us?
105:38 Egypt was happy when they left,
for they were afraid of them. 33
1 tn Heb “the name of the Lord is called over you.” The Hebrew idiom indicates ownership; see 2 Sam 12:28; Isa 4:1, as well as BDB 896 s.v. קָרָא Niph. 2.d.(4).
2 tn This verb is a prophetic perfect, assuming that the text means what it said and this song was sung at the Sea. So all these countries were yet to hear of the victory.
3 tn The word properly refers to “pangs” of childbirth. When the nations hear, they will be terrified.
4 tn The verb is again a prophetic perfect.
5 tn This is a prophetic perfect.
6 tn This verb is imperfect tense.
7 tn The two words can form a nominal hendiadys, “a dreadful fear,” though most English versions retain the two separate terms.
8 tn The form is an imperfect.
9 tn The adjective is in construct form and governs the noun “arm” (“arm” being the anthropomorphic expression for what God did). See GKC 428 §132.c.
10 sn For a study of the words for fear, see N. Waldman, “A Comparative Note on Exodus 15:14-16,” JQR 66 (1976): 189-92.
11 tn Clauses beginning with עַד (’ad) express a limit that is not absolute, but only relative, beyond which the action continues (GKC 446-47 §138.g).
12 tn The verb קָנָה (qanah) here is the verb “acquire, purchase,” and probably not the homonym “to create, make” (see Gen 4:1; Deut 32:6; and Prov 8:22).
13 tn The word for “terror” is אֵימָתִי (’emati); the word has the thought of “panic” or “dread.” God would make the nations panic as they heard of the exploits and knew the Israelites were drawing near. U. Cassuto thinks the reference to “hornets” in v. 28 may be a reference to this fear, an unreasoning dread, rather than to another insect invasion (Exodus, 308). Others suggest it is symbolic of an invading army or a country like Egypt or literal insects (see E. Neufeld, “Insects as Warfare Agents in the Ancient Near East,” Or 49 [1980]: 30-57).
14 tn Heb “kill.”
15 tn The text has “and I will give all your enemies to you [as] a back.” The verb of making takes two accusatives, the second being the adverbial accusative of product (see GKC 371-72 §117.ii, n. 1).
16 tn Heb “has given the land to you.” Rahab’s statement uses the Hebrew perfect, suggesting certitude.
17 tn Heb “terror of you has fallen upon us.”
18 tn Or “melting away because of.”
19 tn Both of these statements are actually subordinated to “I know” in the Hebrew text, which reads, “I know that the
20 tn Heb “and what you did to the two Amorite kings who were beyond the Jordan, Sihon and Og, how you annihilated them.”
21 tn Heb “And we heard and our heart[s] melted and there remained no longer breath in a man because of you.”
22 tn Heb “Now, swear to me by the
23 tn Heb “with the house of my father.”
24 tn Heb “true sign,” that is, “an inviolable token or pledge.”
25 tn Heb “your servants.”
26 tn Or “we were very afraid.”
27 tn Heb “they gathered together to fight against Joshua and Israel [with] one mouth.”
28 sn Tearing one’s clothes was an outward expression of extreme sorrow (see Gen 37:34; 44:13).
29 tn Or “elders.”
30 tn Heb “and fell on his face to the ground before the ark of the
31 sn Throwing dirt on one’s head was an outward expression of extreme sorrow (see Lam 2:10; Ezek 27:30).
32 tn Heb “said.”
33 tn Heb “for fear of them had fallen upon them.”
34 tn Heb “And it [the city] will be to me for a name for joy and for praise and for honor before all the nations of the earth which will hear of all the good things which I will do for them and which will be in awe and tremble for all the good things and all the peace [or prosperity] which I will do for them.” The long complex Hebrew sentence has been broken down to better conform with contemporary English style.
35 tn Grk “behold” (L&N 91.13).
36 sn See the note on synagogue in 2:9.
37 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast between what these people claimed and what they were.
38 tn The verb here is ποιέω (poiew), but in this context it has virtually the same meaning as δίδωμι (didwmi) used at the beginning of the verse. Stylistic variation like this is typical of Johannine literature.
39 tn The verb here is προσκυνήσουσιν (proskunhsousin), normally used to refer to worship.
40 tn Or “and know,” “and recognize.”