31:27 so that my heart was secretly enticed,
and my hand threw them a kiss from my mouth, 5
44:20 He feeds on ashes; 6
his deceived mind misleads him.
He cannot rescue himself,
nor does he say, ‘Is this not a false god I hold in my right hand?’ 7
1:1 From James, 8 a slave 9 of God and the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes dispersed abroad. 10 Greetings!
5:1 Come now, you rich! Weep and cry aloud 11 over the miseries that are coming on you.
20:4 Then 14 I saw thrones and seated on them were those who had been given authority to judge. 15 I also saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of the testimony about Jesus and because of the word of God. These 16 had not worshiped the beast or his image and had refused to receive his mark on their forehead or hand. They 17 came to life 18 and reigned with Christ for a thousand years.
1 tn Heb “or dreamer of dreams.” See note on this expression in v. 1.
2 tn Heb “the
3 tn Heb “all your heart and soul” (so NRSV, CEV, NLT); or “heart and being” (NCV “your whole being”). See note on the word “being” in Deut 6:5.
4 tn Heb “yielding fruit poisonous and wormwood.” The Hebrew noun לַעֲנָה (la’anah) literally means “wormwood” (so KJV, ASV, NAB, NASB), but is used figuratively for anything extremely bitter, thus here “fruit poisonous and bitter.”
5 tn Heb “and my hand kissed my mouth.” The idea should be that of “my mouth kissed my hand.” H. H. Rowley suggests that the hand was important in waving or throwing the kisses of homage to the sun and the moon, and so it receives the focus. This is the only place in the OT that refers to such a custom. Outside the Bible it was known, however.
6 tn Or perhaps, “he eats on an ash heap.”
7 tn Heb “Is it not a lie in my right hand?”
8 tn Grk “James.” The word “From” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.
9 tn Traditionally, “servant” or “bondservant.” Though δοῦλος (doulos) is normally translated “servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. BDAG notes that “‘servant’ for ‘slave’ is largely confined to Biblical transl. and early American times…in normal usage at the present time the two words are carefully distinguished” (BDAG 260 s.v.). The most accurate translation is “bondservant” (sometimes found in the ASV for δοῦλος), in that it often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another. But as this is archaic, few today understand its force.
10 tn Grk “to the twelve tribes in the Diaspora.” The Greek term διασπορά (diaspora, “dispersion”) refers to Jews not living in Palestine but “dispersed” or scattered among the Gentiles.
11 tn Or “wail”; Grk “crying aloud.”
12 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the result of the war in heaven.
13 tn Grk “earth, telling.” This is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek.
14 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
15 tn Grk “I saw thrones, and those seated on them, and judgment was given to them.” BDAG 567 s.v. κρίμα 3 says, “judging, judgment, the κρίμα ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς authority to judge was given to them Rv 20:4.”
16 tn Grk “God, and who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the pronoun “these” as subject.
17 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
18 tn On the use of the aorist ἔζησαν (ezhsan) BDAG 425 s.v. ζάω 1.a.β says, “of dead persons who return to life become alive again: of humans in general (3 Km 17:23) Mt 9:18; Ac 9:41; 20:12; Rv 20:4, 5.”