5:6 “I am the Lord your God, he who brought you from the land of Egypt, from the place of slavery.
14:22 You must be certain to tithe 10 all the produce of your seed that comes from the field year after year.
21:10 When you go out to do battle with your enemies and the Lord your God allows you to prevail 12 and you take prisoners,
23:9 When you go out as an army against your enemies, guard yourselves against anything impure. 13
25:17 Remember what the Amalekites 16 did to you on your way from Egypt,
28:38 “You will take much seed to the field but gather little harvest, because locusts will consume it.
1 sn Avvites. Otherwise unknown, these people were probably also Anakite (or Rephaite) giants who lived in the lower Mediterranean coastal plain until they were expelled by the Caphtorites.
2 sn Caphtorites. These peoples are familiar from both the OT (Gen 10:14; 1 Chr 1:12; Jer 47:4; Amos 9:7) and ancient Near Eastern texts (Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, 2:37-38; ANET 138). They originated in Crete (OT “Caphtor”) and are identified as the ancestors of the Philistines (Gen 10:14; Jer 47:4).
3 tn Heb “Caphtor”; the modern name of the island of Crete is used in the translation for clarity (cf. NCV, TEV, NLT).
4 tn Heb “out of the house of slavery” (so NASB, NRSV).
7 tn Heb “to your son.”
8 tn Heb “by a strong hand.” The image is that of a warrior who, with weapon in hand, overcomes his enemies. The
10 tn The words “be sure” are not in the Hebrew text; vv. 12-14 are part of the previous sentence. For stylistic reasons a new sentence was started at the beginning of v. 12 in the translation and the words “be sure” repeated from v. 11 to indicate the connection.
13 tn Heb “your inheritance.” See note at v. 26.
14 tn Heb “an outstretched arm.”
16 tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, indicated in the translation by the words “be certain.”
19 tn Heb “surrounding the slain [one].”
22 tn Heb “gives him into your hands.”
25 tn Heb “evil.” The context makes clear that this is a matter of ritual impurity, not moral impurity, so it is “evil” in the sense that it disbars one from certain religious activity.
28 sn What the
31 tn Heb “his pledge.”
34 tn Heb “what Amalek” (so NAB, NRSV). Here the individual ancestor, the namesake of the tribe, is cited as representative of the entire tribe at the time Israel was entering Canaan. Consistent with this, singular pronouns are used in v. 18 and the singular name appears again in v. 19. Since readers unfamiliar with the tribe of Amalekites might think this refers to an individual, the term “Amalekites” and the corresponding plural pronouns have been used throughout these verses (cf. NIV, NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT).
37 tn Heb “by a powerful hand and an extended arm.” These are anthropomorphisms designed to convey God’s tremendously great power in rescuing Israel from their Egyptian bondage. They are preserved literally in many English versions (cf. KJV, NAB, NIV, NRSV).