Deuteronomy 2:24

2:24 Get up, make your way across Wadi Arnon. Look! I have already delivered over to you Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, ¹  and his land. Go ahead! Take it! Engage him in war!

Deuteronomy 2:30

2:30 But King Sihon of Heshbon was unwilling to allow us to pass near him because the Lord our ²  God had made him obstinate ³  and stubborn ⁴  so that he might deliver him over to you ⁵  this very day.

Deuteronomy 3:2

3:2 The Lord, however, said to me, “Don’t be afraid of him because I have already given him, his whole army, ⁶  and his land to you. You will do to him exactly what you did to King Sihon of the Amorites who lived in Heshbon.”

Deuteronomy 3:11

3:11 Only King Og of Bashan was left of the remaining Rephaites. (It is noteworthy ⁷  that his sarcophagus ⁸  was made of iron. ⁹  Does it not, indeed, still remain in Rabbath ¹⁰  of the Ammonites? It is thirteen and a half feet ¹¹  long and six feet ¹²  wide according to standard measure.) ¹³ 

Deuteronomy 4:46

4:46 in the Transjordan, in the valley opposite Beth Peor, in the land of King Sihon of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon. (It is he whom Moses and the Israelites attacked after they came out of Egypt.

Deuteronomy 7:8

7:8 Rather it is because of his ¹⁴  love ¹⁵  for you and his faithfulness to the promise ¹⁶  he solemnly vowed ¹⁷  to your ancestors ¹⁸  that the Lord brought you out with great power, ¹⁹  redeeming ²⁰  you from the place of slavery, from the power ²¹  of Pharaoh king of Egypt.

Deuteronomy 17:14

Provision for Kingship

17:14 When you come to the land the Lord your God is giving you and take it over and live in it and then say, “I will select a king like all the nations surrounding me,”

¹ sn Heshbon is the name of a prominent site (now Tell Hesba„n, about 7.5 mi [12 km] south southwest of Amman, Jordan). Sihon made it his capital after having driven Moab from the area and forced them south to the Arnon (Num 21:26-30). Heshbon is also mentioned in Deut 1:4.

² tc The translation follows the LXX in reading the first person pronoun. The MT, followed by many English versions, has a second person masculine singular pronoun, “your.”

³ tn Heb “hardened his spirit” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV); NIV “made his spirit stubborn.”

⁴ tn Heb “made his heart obstinate” (so KJV, NASB); NRSV “made his heart defiant.”

⁵ tn Heb “into your hand.”

³ tn Heb “people.”

⁴ tn Heb “Behold” (הִנֵּה, hinneh).

⁵ tn The Hebrew term עֶרֶשׂ (’eres), traditionally translated “bed” (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) is likely a basaltic (volcanic) stone sarcophagus of suitable size to contain the coffin of the giant Rephaite king. Its iron-like color and texture caused it to be described as an iron container. See A. Millard, “King Og’s Iron Bed: Fact or Fancy?” BR 6 (1990): 16-21, 44; cf. also NEB “his sarcophagus of basalt”; TEV, CEV “his coffin.”

⁶ tn Or “of iron-colored basalt.” See note on the word “sarcophagus” earlier in this verse.

⁷ sn Rabbath. This place name (usually occurring as Rabbah; 2 Sam 11:11; 12:27; Jer 49:3) refers to the ancient capital of the Ammonite kingdom, now the modern city of Amman, Jordan. The word means “great [one],” probably because of its political importance. The fact that the sarcophagus “still remain[ed]” there suggests this part of the verse is post-Mosaic, having been added as a matter of explanation for the existence of the artifact and also to verify the claim as to its size.

⁸ tn Heb “nine cubits.” Assuming a length of 18 in (45 cm) for the standard cubit, this would be 13.5 ft (4.1 m) long.

⁹ tn Heb “four cubits.” This would be 6 ft (1.8 m) wide.

¹⁰ tn Heb “by the cubit of man.” This probably refers to the “short” or “regular” cubit of approximately 18 in (45 cm).

⁵ tn Heb “the Lord’s.” See note on “He” in 7:6.

⁶ tn For the verb אָהַב (’ahav, “to love”) as a term of choice or election, see note on the word “loved” in Deut 4:37.

⁷ tn Heb “oath.” This is a reference to the promises of the so-called “Abrahamic Covenant” (cf. Gen 15:13-16).

⁸ tn Heb “swore on oath.”

⁹ tn Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 12, 13).

¹⁰ tn Heb “by a strong hand” (NAB similar); NLT “with such amazing power.”

¹¹ sn Redeeming you from the place of slavery. The Hebrew verb translated “redeeming” (from the root פָּדָה, padah) has the idea of redemption by the payment of a ransom. The initial symbol of this was the Passover lamb, offered by Israel to the Lord as ransom in exchange for deliverance from bondage and death (Exod 12:1-14). Later, the firstborn sons of Israel, represented by the Levites, became the ransom (Num 3:11-13). These were all types of the redemption effected by the death of Christ who described his atoning work as “a ransom for many” (Matt 20:28; cf. 1 Pet 1:18).

¹² tn Heb “hand” (so KJV, NRSV), a metaphor for power or domination.