Deuteronomy 32:1-5

Invocation of Witnesses

32:1 Listen, O heavens, and I will speak;

hear, O earth, the words of my mouth.

32:2 My teaching will drop like the rain,

my sayings will drip like the dew,

as rain drops upon the grass,

and showers upon new growth.

32:3 For I will proclaim the name of the Lord;

you must acknowledge the greatness of our God.

32:4 As for the Rock, his work is perfect,

for all his ways are just.

He is a reliable God who is never unjust,

he is fair and upright.

32:5 His people have been unfaithful to him;

they have not acted like his children – this is their sin.

They are a perverse and deceitful generation.


tn Or “mist,” “light drizzle.” In some contexts the term appears to refer to light rain, rather than dew.

tc Smr and Tg read “in the name.”

tc The LXX reads Θεός (qeos, “God”) for the MT’s “Rock.”

tn Or “just” (KJV, NAB, NRSV, NLT) or “righteous” (NASB).

tc The 3rd person masculine singular שָׁחַת (shakhat) is rendered as 3rd person masculine plural by Smr, a reading supported by the plural suffix on מוּם (mum, “defect”) as well as the plural of בֵּן (ben, “sons”).

tn Heb “(they are) not his sons.”

tn Heb “defect” (so NASB). This highly elliptical line suggests that Israel’s major fault was its failure to act like God’s people; in fact, they acted quite the contrary.

tn Heb “twisted,” “crooked.” See Ps 18:26.