32:5 His people have been unfaithful 1 to him;
they have not acted like his children 2 – this is their sin. 3
They are a perverse 4 and deceitful generation.
32:30 How can one man chase a thousand of them, 5
and two pursue ten thousand;
unless their Rock had delivered them up, 6
and the Lord had handed them over?
1 tc The 3rd person masculine singular שָׁחַת (shakhat) is rendered as 3rd person masculine plural by Smr, a reading supported by the plural suffix on מוּם (mum, “defect”) as well as the plural of בֵּן (ben, “sons”).
2 tn Heb “(they are) not his sons.”
3 tn Heb “defect” (so NASB). This highly elliptical line suggests that Israel’s major fault was its failure to act like God’s people; in fact, they acted quite the contrary.
4 tn Heb “twisted,” “crooked.” See Ps 18:26.
5 tn The words “man” and “of them” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation for clarity.
6 tn Heb “sold them” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).