Deuteronomy 9:16-24

9:16 When I looked, you had indeed sinned against the Lord your God and had cast for yourselves a metal calf; ¹  you had quickly turned aside from the way he ²  had commanded you! 9:17 I grabbed the two tablets, threw them down, ³  and shattered them before your very eyes. 9:18 Then I again fell down before the Lord for forty days and nights; I ate and drank nothing because of all the sin you had committed, doing such evil before the Lord as to enrage him. 9:19 For I was terrified at the Lord’s intense anger ⁴  that threatened to destroy you. But he ⁵  listened to me this time as well. 9:20 The Lord was also angry enough at Aaron to kill him, but at that time I prayed for him ⁶  too. 9:21 As for your sinful thing ⁷  that you had made, the calf, I took it, melted it down, ⁸  ground it up until it was as fine as dust, and tossed the dust into the stream that flows down the mountain. 9:22 Moreover, you continued to provoke the Lord at Taberah, ⁹  Massah, ¹⁰  and Kibroth-Hattaavah. ¹¹  9:23 And when he ¹²  sent you from Kadesh-Barnea and told you, “Go up and possess the land I have given you,” you rebelled against the Lord your God ¹³  and would neither believe nor obey him. 9:24 You have been rebelling against him ¹⁴  from the very first day I knew you!

¹ tn On the phrase “metal calf,” see note on the term “metal image” in v. 12.

² tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 9:3.

³ tn The Hebrew text includes “from upon my two hands,” but as this seems somewhat obvious and redundant, it has been left untranslated for stylistic reasons.

⁵ tn Heb “the anger and the wrath.” Although many English versions translate as two terms, this construction is a hendiadys which serves to intensify the emotion (cf. NAB, TEV “fierce anger”).

⁶ tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 9:3.

⁷ tn Heb “Aaron.” The pronoun is used in the translation to avoid redundancy.

⁹ tn Heb “your sin.” This is a metonymy in which the effect (sin) stands for the cause (the metal calf).

¹⁰ tn Heb “burned it with fire.”

¹¹ sn Taberah. By popular etymology this derives from the Hebrew verb בָעַר (ba’ar, “to burn”), thus, here, “burning.” The reference is to the Lord’s fiery wrath against Israel because of their constant complaints against him (Num 11:1-3).

¹² sn Massah. See note on this term in Deut 6:16.

¹³ sn Kibroth-Hattaavah. This place name means in Hebrew “burial places of appetite,” that is, graves that resulted from overindulgence. The reference is to the Israelites stuffing themselves with the quail God had provided and doing so with thanklessness (Num 11:31-35).

¹³ tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 9:3.

¹⁴ tn Heb “the mouth of the Lord your God,” that is, against the commandment that he had spoken.

¹⁵ tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 9:3.