33:20 Of Gad he said:
Blessed be the one who enlarges Gad.
Like a lioness he will dwell;
he will tear at an arm – indeed, a scalp. 4
33:27 The everlasting God is a refuge,
and underneath you are his eternal arms; 5
he has driven out enemies before you,
and has said, “Destroy!”
1 tn Heb “your inheritance.” See note at v. 26.
2 tn Heb “an outstretched arm.”
3 tn Heb “by a powerful hand and an extended arm.” These are anthropomorphisms designed to convey God’s tremendously great power in rescuing Israel from their Egyptian bondage. They are preserved literally in many English versions (cf. KJV, NAB, NIV, NRSV).
5 tn Heb “forehead,” picturing Gad attacking prey.
7 tn Heb “and from under, arms of perpetuity.” The words “you” and “his” are supplied in the translation for clarification. Some have perceived this line to be problematic and have offered alternative translations that differ significantly from the present translation: “He spread out the primeval tent; he extended the ancient canopy” (NAB); “He subdues the ancient gods, shatters the forces of old” (NRSV). These are based on alternate meanings or conjectural emendations rather than textual variants in the
9 tn Heb “judgment”; KJV, NASB, NRSV “the priest’s due.”
11 tn The translation assumes the reference is to Israel’s God in which case the point is this: God’s intervention in Israel’s experience is unique in the sense that he has never intervened in such power for any other people on earth. The focus is on the uniqueness of Israel’s experience. Some understand the divine name here in a generic sense, “a god,” or “any god.” In this case God’s incomparability is the focus (cf. v. 35, where this theme is expressed).
12 tn Heb “tried to go to take for himself.”
13 tn Heb “by testings.” The reference here is the judgments upon Pharaoh in the form of plagues. See Deut 7:19 (cf. v. 18) and 29:3 (cf. v. 2).
14 tn Heb “by strong hand and by outstretched arm.”
13 tn Heb “by a strong hand and an outstretched arm,” the hand and arm symbolizing divine activity and strength. Cf. NLT “with amazing power and mighty deeds.”
14 tn Or “keep” (so KJV, NRSV).
15 tn Heb “testings” (so NAB), a reference to the plagues. See note at 4:34.
16 tn Heb “the strong hand and outstretched arm.” See 4:34.
17 tn Heb “the
17 tn Heb “that not.” The words “I am speaking” have been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
18 tn Heb “who have not known and who have not seen the discipline of the Lord.” The collocation of the verbs “know” and “see” indicates that personal experience (knowing by seeing) is in view. The term translated “discipline” (KJV, ASV “chastisement”) may also be rendered “instruction,” but vv. 2b-6 indicate that the referent of the term is the various acts of divine judgment the Israelites had witnessed.
19 tn The words “which revealed” have been supplied in the translation to show the logical relationship between the terms that follow and the divine judgments. In the Hebrew text the former are in apposition to the latter.
20 tn Heb “his strong hand and his stretched-out arm.”