5:6 Do not let your mouth cause you 1 to sin,
and do not tell the priest, 2 “It was a mistake!” 3
Why make God angry at you 4
so that he would destroy the work of your hands?”
10:20 Do not curse a king even in your thoughts,
and do not curse the rich 5 while in your bedroom; 6
for a bird 7 might report what you are thinking, 8
or some winged creature 9 might repeat your 10 words. 11
1 tn Heb “your flesh.” The term בָּשָׂר (basar, “flesh”) is a synecdoche of part (i.e., flesh) for the whole (i.e., whole person), e.g., Gen 2:21; 6:12; Ps 56:4[5]; 65:2[3]; 145:21; Isa 40:5, 6; see HALOT 164 s.v. בָּשָׂר; E. W. Bullinger, Figures of Speech, 642.
2 tc The MT reads הַמַּלְאָךְ (hammal’akh, “messenger”), while the LXX reads τοῦ θεοῦ (tou qeou, “God”) which reflects an alternate textual tradition of הָאֱלֹהִים (ha’elohim, “God”). The textual problem was caused by orthographic confusion between similarly spelled words. The LXX might have been trying to make sense of a difficult expression. The MT is preferred as the original. All the major translations follow the MT except for Moffatt (“God”).
3 tn The Hebrew noun שְׁגָגָה (shÿgagah) denotes “error; mistake” and refers to a sin of inadvertence or unintentional sin (e.g., Lev 4:2, 22, 27; 5:18; 22:14; Num 15:24-29; 35:11, 15; Josh 20:3, 9; Eccl 5:5; 10:5); see HALOT 1412 s.v. שְׁגָגָה; BDB 993 s.v. שְׁגָגָה. In this case, it refers to a rash vow thoughtlessly made, which the foolish worshiper claims was a mistake (e.g., Prov 20:25).
4 tn Heb “at your voice.” This is an example of metonymy (i.e., your voice) of association (i.e., you).
5 tn Perhaps the referent is people who are in authority because of their wealth.
6 tn Heb “in chambers of your bedroom.”
7 tn Heb “a bird of the air.”
8 tn Heb “might carry the voice.” The article is used here with the force of a possessive pronoun.
9 tn The Hebrew phrase בַּעַל הַכְּנָפַיִם (ba’al hakkÿnafayim, “possessor of wings”) is an idiom for a winged creature, that is, a bird (e.g., Prov 1:17; see HALOT 143 s.v. בַּעַל A.6; BDB 127 s.v. בַּעַל 5.a). The term בַּעַל (“master; possessor”) is the construct governing the attributive genitive הַכְּנָפַיִם (“wings”); see IBHS 149-51 §9.5.3b.
10 tn The term “your” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for smoothness.
11 tn Heb “tell the matter.”