Esther 2:5

2:5 Now there happened to be a Jewish man in Susa the citadel whose name was Mordecai. ¹  He was the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, a Benjaminite,

Esther 9:6

9:6 In Susa the citadel the Jews killed and destroyed five hundred men.

Esther 6:7

6:7 So Haman said to the king, “For the man whom the king wishes to honor,

Esther 1:8

1:8 There were no restrictions on the drinking, ²  for the king had instructed all of his supervisors ³  that they should do as everyone so desired. ⁴ 

Esther 7:6

7:6 Esther replied, “The oppressor and enemy is this evil Haman!”

Then Haman became terrified in the presence of the king and queen.

Esther 1:22

1:22 He sent letters throughout all the royal provinces, to each province according to its own script and to each people according to its own language, ⁵  that every man should be ruling his family ⁶  and should be speaking the language of his own people. ⁷ 

Esther 6:9

6:9 Then let this clothing and this horse be given to one of the king’s noble officials. Let him ⁸  then clothe the man whom the king wishes to honor, and let him lead him about through the plaza of the city on the horse, calling ⁹  before him, ‘So shall it be done to the man whom the king wishes to honor!’”

Esther 9:12

9:12 Then the king said to Queen Esther, “In Susa the citadel the Jews have killed and destroyed five hundred men and the ten sons of Haman! What then have they done in the rest of the king’s provinces? What is your request? It shall be given to you. What other petition do you have? It shall be done.”

Esther 9:15

9:15 The Jews who were in Susa then assembled on the fourteenth day of the month of Adar, and they killed three hundred men in Susa. But they did not confiscate their property.

Esther 9:19

9:19 This is why the Jews who are in the rural country – those who live in rural cities – set aside the fourteenth day of the month of Adar as a holiday for happiness, banqueting, holiday, and sending gifts to one another.

Esther 9:22

9:22 as the time when the Jews gave themselves rest from their enemies – the month when their trouble was turned to happiness and their mourning to a holiday. These were to be days of banqueting, happiness, sending gifts to one another, and providing for the poor.

Esther 4:11

4:11 “All the servants of the king and the people of the king’s provinces know that there is only one law applicable ¹⁰  to any man or woman who comes uninvited to the king in the inner court – that person will be put to death, unless the king extends to him the gold scepter, permitting him to be spared. ¹¹  Now I have not been invited to come to the king for some thirty days!”

¹ sn Mordecai is a pagan name that reflects the name of the Babylonian deity Marduk. Probably many Jews of the period had two names, one for secular use and the other for use especially within the Jewish community. Mordecai’s Jewish name is not recorded in the biblical text.

² tn Heb “the drinking was according to law; there was no one compelling.”

³ tn Heb “every chief of his house”; KJV “all the officers of his house”; NLT “his staff.”

⁴ tn Heb “according to the desire of man and man.”

³ sn For purposes of diplomacy and governmental communication throughout the far-flung regions of the Persian empire the Aramaic language was normally used. Educated people throughout the kingdom could be expected to have competence in this language. But in the situation described in v. 22 a variety of local languages are to be used, and not just Aramaic, so as to make the king’s edict understandable to the largest possible number of people.

⁴ tn Heb “in his house”; NIV “over his own household.”

⁵ tc The final prepositional phrase is not included in the LXX, and this shorter reading is followed by a number of English versions (e.g., NAB, NRSV, NLT). Some scholars suggest the phrase may be the result of dittography from the earlier phrase “to each people according to its language,” but this is not a necessary conclusion. The edict was apparently intended to reassert male prerogative with regard to two things (and not just one): sovereign and unquestioned leadership within the family unit, and the right of deciding which language was to be used in the home when a bilingual situation existed.

⁴ tc The present translation reads with the LXX וְהִלְבִּישׁוֹ (vÿhilbisho, “and he will clothe him”) rather than the reading of the MT וְהִלְבִּישׁוּ (vÿhilbishu, “and they will clothe”). The reading of the LXX is also followed by NAB, NRSV, TEV, CEV, and NLT. Likewise, the later verbs in this verse (“cause him to ride” and “call”) are better taken as singulars rather than plurals.

⁵ tn Heb “and let them call” (see the previous note).

⁵ tn Heb “one is his law”; NASB “he (the king NIV) has but one law”

⁶ tn Heb “and he will live”; KJV, ASV “that he may live”; NIV “and spare his life.”