Esther 8:12

8:12 This was to take place on a certain day throughout all the provinces of King Ahasuerus – namely, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month (that is, the month of Adar).

Esther 2:12

2:12 At the end of the twelve months that were required for the women, ¹  when the turn of each young woman arrived to go to King Ahasuerus – for in this way they had to fulfill their time of cosmetic treatment: six months with oil of myrrh, and six months with perfume and various ointments used by women –

Esther 3:7

3:7 In the first month (that is, the month of Nisan), in the twelfth year ²  of King Ahasuerus’ reign, pur ³  (that is, the lot) was cast before Haman in order to determine a day and a month. ⁴  It turned out to be the twelfth month (that is, the month of Adar). ⁵ 

Esther 3:13

3:13 Letters were sent by the runners to all the king’s provinces stating that ⁶  they should destroy, kill, and annihilate all the Jews, from youth to elderly, both women and children, ⁷  on a particular day, namely the thirteenth day ⁸  of the twelfth month (that is, the month of Adar), and to loot and plunder their possessions.

¹ tc The LXX does not include the words “that were required for the women.”

¹ sn This year would be ca. 474 b.c. The reference to first month and twelfth month indicate that about a year had elapsed between this determination and the anticipated execution.

² tn The term פּוּר (pur, “lot”) is an Akkadian loanword; the narrator therefore explains it for his Hebrew readers (“that is, the lot”). It is from the plural form of this word (i.e., Purim) that the festival celebrating the deliverance of the Jews takes its name (cf. 9:24, 26, 28, 31).

³ tc The LXX adds the following words: “in order to destroy in one day the race of Mordecai, and the lot fell on the fourteenth day of the month.” The LXX reading is included by NAB.

⁴ tn Since v. 7 seems to interrupt the flow of the narrative, many scholars have suggested that it is a late addition to the text. But there is not enough evidence to warrant such a conclusion. Even though its placement is somewhat awkward, the verse supplies to the reader an important piece of chronological information.

¹ tn The words “stating that” are not in the Hebrew text but have been supplied in the translation for clarity.

² tn Heb “children and women.” The translation follows contemporary English idiom, which reverses the order.

³ tc The LXX does not include the words “on the thirteenth day.”