23:14 “Three times 1 in the year you must make a pilgrim feast 2 to me. 23:15 You are to observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread; seven days 3 you must eat bread made without yeast, as I commanded you, at the appointed time of the month of Abib, for at that time 4 you came out of Egypt. No one may appear before 5 me empty-handed.
23:16 “You are also to observe 6 the Feast of Harvest, the firstfruits of your labors that you have sown in the field, and the Feast of Ingathering at the end of the year 7 when you have gathered in 8 your harvest 9 out of the field. 23:17 At 10 three times in the year all your males will appear before the Lord God. 11
16:1 Observe the month Abib 26 and keep the Passover to the Lord your God, for in that month 27 he 28 brought you out of Egypt by night. 16:2 You must sacrifice the Passover animal 29 (from the flock or the herd) to the Lord your God in the place where he 30 chooses to locate his name. 16:3 You must not eat any yeast with it; for seven days you must eat bread made without yeast, symbolic of affliction, for you came out of Egypt hurriedly. You must do this so you will remember for the rest of your life the day you came out of the land of Egypt. 16:4 There must not be a scrap of yeast within your land 31 for seven days, nor can any of the meat you sacrifice on the evening of the first day remain until the next morning. 32 16:5 You may not sacrifice the Passover in just any of your villages 33 that the Lord your God is giving you, 16:6 but you must sacrifice it 34 in the evening in 35 the place where he 36 chooses to locate his name, at sunset, the time of day you came out of Egypt. 16:7 You must cook 37 and eat it in the place the Lord your God chooses; you may return the next morning to your tents. 16:8 You must eat bread made without yeast for six days. The seventh day you are to hold an assembly for the Lord your God; you must not do any work on that day. 38
16:1 Observe the month Abib 40 and keep the Passover to the Lord your God, for in that month 41 he 42 brought you out of Egypt by night.
1 tn The expression rendered “three times” is really “three feet,” or “three foot-beats.” The expression occurs only a few times in the Law. The expressing is an adverbial accusative.
2 tn This is the word תָּחֹג (takhog) from the root חָגַג (khagag); it describes a feast that was accompanied by a pilgrimage. It was first used by Moses in his appeal that Israel go three days into the desert to hold such a feast.
3 tn This is an adverbial accusative of time.
4 tn Heb “in it.”
5 tn The verb is a Niphal imperfect; the nuance of permission works well here – no one is permitted to appear before God empty (Heb “and they will not appear before me empty”).
6 tn The words “you are also to observe” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
7 tn An infinitive construct with a preposition and a pronominal suffix is used to make a temporal clause: “in the going in of the year.” The word “year” is the subjective genitive, the subject of the clause.
8 tn An infinitive construct with a preposition and a pronominal suffix is used to make a temporal clause: “in the ingathering of you.”
9 tn Heb “gathered in your labors.” This is a metonymy of cause put for the effect. “Labors” are not gathered in, but what the labors produced – the harvest.
10 tn Adverbial accusative of time: “three times” becomes “at three times.”
11 tn Here the divine Name reads in Hebrew הָאָדֹן יְהוָה (ha’adon yÿhvah), which if rendered according to the traditional scheme of “
12 tn “Three times” is an adverbial accusative.
13 tn Heb “all your males.”
14 tn Here the divine name reads in Hebrew הָאָדֹן יְהוָה (ha’adon yÿhvah), which if rendered according to the traditional scheme of “
15 tn Heb “the
16 tc Some scholars, on the basis of v. 11, emend the MT reading שִׁכְנוֹ (shikhno, “his residence”) to the infinitive construct לְשָׁכֵן (lÿshakhen, “to make [his name] to dwell”), perhaps with the 3rd person masculine singular sf לְשַׁכְּנוֹ (lÿshakÿno, “to cause it to dwell”). Though the presupposed nounשֵׁכֶן (shekhen) is nowhere else attested, the parallel here with שַׁמָּה (shammah, “there”) favors retaining the MT as it stands.
17 tn Heb “heave offerings of your hand.”
18 tn Heb “and your houses,” referring to entire households. The pronouns “you” and “your” are plural in the Hebrew text.
19 tn Heb “the
20 tn Heb “and it will be (to) the place where the Lord your God chooses to cause his name to dwell you will bring.”
21 tn Heb “heave offerings of your hand.”
22 tn Heb “the
23 tn Heb “the
24 tn See note at Deut 12:12.
25 tn Heb “in all the sending forth of your hands.”
26 sn The month Abib, later called Nisan (Neh 2:1; Esth 3:7), corresponds to March-April in the modern calendar.
27 tn Heb “in the month Abib.” The demonstrative “that” has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.
28 tn Heb “the
29 tn Heb “sacrifice the Passover” (so NASB). The word “animal” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
30 tn Heb “the
31 tn Heb “leaven must not be seen among you in all your border.”
32 tn Heb “remain all night until the morning” (so KJV, ASV). This has been simplified in the translation for stylistic reasons.
33 tn Heb “gates.”
34 tn Heb “the Passover.” The translation uses a pronoun to avoid redundancy in English.
35 tc The MT reading אֶל (’el, “unto”) before “the place” should, following Smr, Syriac, Targums, and Vulgate, be omitted in favor of ב (bet; בַּמָּקוֹם, bammaqom), “in the place.”
36 tn Heb “the
37 tn The rules that governed the Passover meal are found in Exod 12:1-51, and Deut 16:1-8. The word translated “cook” (בָּשַׁל, bashal) here is translated “boil” in other places (e.g. Exod 23:19, 1 Sam 2:13-15). This would seem to contradict Exod 12:9 where the Israelites are told not to eat the Passover sacrifice raw or boiled. However, 2 Chr 35:13 recounts the celebration of a Passover feast during the reign of Josiah, and explains that the people “cooked (בָּשַׁל, bashal) the Passover sacrifices over the open fire.” The use of בָּשַׁל (bashal) with “fire” (אֵשׁ, ’esh) suggests that the word could be used to speak of boiling or roasting.
38 tn The words “on that day” are not in the Hebrew text; they are supplied in the translation for clarification (cf. TEV, NLT).
39 tn Heb “the
40 sn The month Abib, later called Nisan (Neh 2:1; Esth 3:7), corresponds to March-April in the modern calendar.
41 tn Heb “in the month Abib.” The demonstrative “that” has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.
42 tn Heb “the
43 tn Heb “in” or “on.” Here there is a contrast between the ordinary time of eleven days (v. 2) and the actual time of forty years, so “not until” brings out that vast disparity.
44 sn The eleventh month is Shebat in the Hebrew calendar, January/February in the modern (Gregorian) calendar.
45 sn The fortieth year would be 1406
46 tn Heb “according to all which.”
47 tn Heb “the
48 tn Or “has given you the land” (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV).