Exodus 23:28

23:28 I will send ¹  hornets before you that will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite before you.

Numbers 13:32

13:32 Then they presented the Israelites with a discouraging ²  report of the land they had investigated, saying, “The land that we passed through ³  to investigate is a land that devours ⁴  its inhabitants. ⁵  All the people we saw there ⁶  are of great stature.

Joshua 10:11

10:11 As they fled from Israel on the slope leading down from ⁷  Beth Horon, the Lord threw down on them large hailstones from the sky, ⁸  all the way to Azekah. They died – in fact, more died from the hailstones than the Israelites killed with the sword.

Joshua 24:12

24:12 I sent terror ⁹  ahead of you to drive out before you the two ¹⁰  Amorite kings. I gave you the victory; it was not by your swords or bows. ¹¹ 

Joshua 24:1

Israel Renews its Commitment to the Lord

24:1 Joshua assembled all the Israelite tribes at Shechem. He summoned Israel’s elders, rulers, judges, and leaders, and they appeared before God.

Joshua 5:6-7

5:6 Indeed, for forty years the Israelites traveled through the desert until all the men old enough to fight when they left Egypt, the ones who had disobeyed the Lord, died off. ¹²  For the Lord had sworn a solemn oath to them that he would not let them see the land he had sworn on oath to give them, ¹³  a land rich in ¹⁴  milk and honey. 5:7 He replaced them with their sons, ¹⁵  whom Joshua circumcised. They were uncircumcised; their fathers had not circumcised them along the way.

¹ tn Heb “and I will send.”

² tn Or “an evil report,” i.e., one that was a defamation of the grace of God.

³ tn Heb “which we passed over in it”; the pronoun on the preposition serves as a resumptive pronoun for the relative, and need not be translated literally.

⁴ tn The verb is the feminine singular participle from אָכַל (’akhal); it modifies the land as a “devouring land,” a bold figure for the difficulty of living in the place.

⁵ sn The expression has been interpreted in a number of ways by commentators, such as that the land was infertile, that the Canaanites were cannibals, that it was a land filled with warlike dissensions, or that it denotes a land geared for battle. It may be that they intended the land to seem infertile and insecure.

⁶ tn Heb “in its midst.”

⁷ tn Heb “on the descent of.”

⁸ tn Or “heaven” (also in v. 13). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.

⁹ tn Traditionally, “the hornet” (so KJV, NKJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV) but the precise meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain (cf. NEB “panic”).

¹⁰ tn The LXX has “twelve,” apparently understanding this as a reference to Amorite kings west of the Jordan (see Josh 5:1, rather than the trans-Jordanian Amorite kings Sihon and Og (see Josh 2:10; 9:10).

¹¹ tn Heb “and it drove them out from before you, the two kings of the Amorites, not by your sword and not by your bow.” The words “I gave you the victory” are supplied for clarification.

¹² tn Heb “all the nation, the men of war who went out from Egypt, who did not listen to the voice of the Lord, came to an end.”

¹³ tn Some Hebrew mss, as well as the Syriac version, support this reading. Most ancient witnesses read “us.”

¹⁴ tn Heb “flowing with.”

¹⁵ tn Heb “their sons he raised up in their place.”