23:32 “You must make no covenant with them or with their gods.
7:1 When the Lord your God brings you to the land that you are going to occupy and forces out many nations before you – Hittites, 4 Girgashites, 5 Amorites, 6 Canaanites, 7 Perizzites, 8 Hivites, 9 and Jebusites, 10 seven 11 nations more numerous and powerful than you –
106:34 They did not destroy the nations, 16
as the Lord had commanded them to do.
106:35 They mixed in with the nations
and learned their ways. 17
48:10 A curse on anyone who is lax in doing the Lord’s work!
A curse on anyone who keeps from carrying out his destruction! 18
1 tn Heb “the
2 tn In the Hebrew text the infinitive absolute before the finite verb emphasizes the statement. The imperfect has an obligatory nuance here. Cf. ASV “shalt (must NRSV) utterly destroy them”; CEV “must destroy them without mercy.”
3 tn Heb “covenant” (so NASB, NRSV); TEV “alliance.”
4 sn Hittites. The center of Hittite power was in Anatolia (central modern Turkey). In the Late Bronze Age (1550-1200
5 sn Girgashites. These cannot be ethnically identified and are unknown outside the OT. They usually appear in such lists only when the intention is to have seven groups in all (see also the note on the word “seven” later in this verse).
6 sn Amorites. Originally from the upper Euphrates region (Amurru), the Amorites appear to have migrated into Canaan beginning in 2200
7 sn Canaanites. These were the indigenous peoples of the land, going back to the beginning of recorded history (ca. 3000
8 sn Perizzites. This is probably a subgroup of Canaanites (Gen 13:7; 34:30).
9 sn Hivites. These are usually thought to be the same as the Hurrians, a people well-known in ancient Near Eastern texts. They are likely identical to the Horites (see note on the term “Horites” in Deut 2:12).
10 sn Jebusites. These inhabited the hill country, particularly in and about Jerusalem (cf. Num 13:29; Josh 15:8; 2 Sam 5:6; 24:16).
11 sn Seven. This is an ideal number in the OT, one symbolizing fullness or completeness. Therefore, the intent of the text here is not to be precise and list all of Israel’s enemies but simply to state that Israel will have a full complement of foes to deal with. For other lists of Canaanites, some with fewer than seven peoples, see Exod 3:8; 13:5; 23:23, 28; 33:2; 34:11; Deut 20:17; Josh 3:10; 9:1; 24:11. Moreover, the “Table of Nations” (Gen 10:15-19) suggests that all of these (possibly excepting the Perizzites) were offspring of Canaan and therefore Canaanites.
12 tn Heb “your eye.”
13 tn Heb “your needy brother.”
14 tn Heb “give” (likewise in v. 10).
15 tn Heb “it will be a sin to you.”
16 tn That is, the nations of Canaan.
17 tn Heb “their deeds.”
18 tn Heb “who withholds his sword from bloodshed.” This verse is an editorial aside (or apostrophe) addressed to the Babylonian destroyers to be diligent in carrying out the work of the