33:25 The bars of your gates 4 will be made of iron and bronze,
and may you have lifelong strength.
The Lord came from Sinai
and revealed himself 5 to Israel 6 from Seir.
He appeared in splendor 7 from Mount Paran,
and came forth with ten thousand holy ones. 8
With his right hand he gave a fiery law 9 to them.
1 tn The pronoun is plural.
2 tn The Hebrew term may refer to “food” in a more general sense (cf. NASB, NCV, NLT) or “bread” in particular (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV).
3 sn A land whose stones are iron. Since iron deposits are few and far between in Palestine, the reference here is probably to iron ore found in mines as opposed to the meteorite iron more commonly known in that area.
4 tn The words “of your gates” have been supplied in the translation to clarify the referent of “bars.”
5 tn Or “rose like the sun” (NCV, TEV).
6 tc Heb “to him.” The LXX reads “to us” (לָנוּ [lanu] for לָמוֹ [lamo]), the reading of the MT is acceptable since it no doubt has in mind Israel as a collective singular.
7 tn Or “he shone forth” (NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).
8 tc With slight alteration (מִמְרִבַת קָדֵשׁ [mimrivat qadesh] for the MT’s מֵרִבְבֹת קֹדֶשׁ [merivvot qodesh]) the translation would be “from Meribah Kadesh” (cf. NAB, NLT; see Deut 32:51). However, the language of holy war in the immediate context favors the reading of the MT, which views the Lord as accompanied by angelic hosts.
9 tc The mispointed Hebrew term אֵשְׁדָּת (’eshdat) should perhaps be construed as אֵשְׁהַת (’eshhat) with Smr.
10 tn The Hebrew text does not have the first person pronoun; it has been supplied for purposes of English style (the Lord is speaking here).
11 tn Heb “all the work of your hands.”
12 tn Heb “he has.” This has been converted to first person in the translation in keeping with English style.
13 tn Heb “known” (so ASV, NASB); NAB “been concerned about.”
14 tn Heb “the