Exodus 32:22

32:22 Aaron said, “Do not let your anger burn hot, my lord; ¹  you know these people, that they tend to evil. ² 

Esther 1:12

1:12 But Queen Vashti refused ³  to come at the king’s bidding ⁴  conveyed through the eunuchs. Then the king became extremely angry, and his rage consumed ⁵  him.

Psalms 79:5

79:5 How long will this go on, O Lord? ⁶ 

Will you stay angry forever?

How long will your rage ⁷  burn like fire?

¹ sn “My lord” refers to Moses.

² tn Heb “that on evil it is.”

³ sn Refusal to obey the king was risky even for a queen in the ancient world. It is not clear why Vashti behaved so rashly and put herself in such danger. Apparently she anticipated humiliation of some kind and was unwilling to subject herself to it, in spite of the obvious dangers. There is no justification in the biblical text for an ancient Jewish targumic tradition that the king told her to appear before his guests dressed in nothing but her royal high turban, that is, essentially naked.

⁴ tn Heb “at the word of the king”; NASB “at the king’s command.”

⁵ tn Heb “burned in him” (so KJV).

⁶ tn Heb “How long, O Lord?”

⁷ tn Or “jealous anger.”