Exodus 1:14

1:14 They made their lives bitter ¹  by ²  hard service with mortar and bricks and by all kinds of service ³  in the fields. Every kind of service the Israelites were required to give was rigorous. ⁴ 

Exodus 6:16

6:16 Now these are the names of the sons of Levi, according to their records: ⁵  Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. (The length of Levi’s life was 137 years.)

Exodus 6:18

6:18 The sons of Kohath were Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. (The length of Kohath’s life was 133 years.)

Exodus 22:4

22:4 If the stolen item should in fact be found ⁶  alive in his possession, ⁷  whether it be an ox or a donkey or a sheep, he must pay back double. ⁸ 

Exodus 23:11

23:11 But in the seventh year ⁹  you must let it lie fallow and leave it alone so that the poor of your people may eat, and what they leave any animal in the field ¹⁰  may eat; you must do likewise with your vineyard and your olive grove.

Exodus 23:29

23:29 I will not drive them out before you in one year, lest the land become desolate and the wild animals ¹¹  multiply against you.

¹ sn The verb מָרַר (marar) anticipates the introduction of the theme of bitterness in the instructions for the Passover.

² tn The preposition bet (ב) in this verse has the instrumental use: “by means of” (see GKC 380 §119.o).

³ tn Heb “and in all service.”

⁴ tn The line could be more literally translated, “All their service in which they served them [was] with rigor.” This takes the referent of בָּהֶם (bahem) to be the Egyptians. The pronoun may also resume the reference to the kinds of service and so not be needed in English: “All their service in which they served [was] with rigor.”

⁵ tn Or “generations.”

⁹ tn The construction uses a Niphal infinitive absolute and a Niphal imperfect: if it should indeed be found. Gesenius says that in such conditional clauses the infinitive absolute has less emphasis, but instead emphasizes the condition on which some consequence depends (see GKC 342-43 §113.o).

¹⁰ tn Heb “in his hand.”

¹¹ sn He must pay back one for what he took, and then one for the penalty – his loss as he was inflicting a loss on someone else.

¹³ tn Heb “and the seventh year”; an adverbial accusative with a disjunctive vav (ו).

¹⁴ tn Heb “living thing/creature/beast of the field.” A general term for animals, usually wild animals, including predators (cf. v. 29; Gen 2:19-20; Lev 26:22; Deut 7:22; 1 Sam 17:46; Job 5:22-23; Ezek 29:5; 34:5).

¹⁷ tn Heb “the beast of the field.”