Exodus 1:14

1:14 They made their lives bitter ¹  by ²  hard service with mortar and bricks and by all kinds of service ³  in the fields. Every kind of service the Israelites were required to give was rigorous. ⁴ 

Exodus 6:20

6:20 Amram married ⁵  his father’s sister Jochebed, and she bore him Aaron and Moses. (The length of Amram’s life was 137 years.)

Exodus 10:23

10:23 No one ⁶  could see ⁷  another person, and no one could rise from his place for three days. But the Israelites had light in the places where they lived.

Exodus 37:8

37:8 one cherub on one end ⁸  and one cherub on the other end. ⁹  He made the cherubim from the atonement lid on its two ends.

¹ sn The verb מָרַר (marar) anticipates the introduction of the theme of bitterness in the instructions for the Passover.

² tn The preposition bet (ב) in this verse has the instrumental use: “by means of” (see GKC 380 §119.o).

³ tn Heb “and in all service.”

⁴ tn The line could be more literally translated, “All their service in which they served them [was] with rigor.” This takes the referent of בָּהֶם (bahem) to be the Egyptians. The pronoun may also resume the reference to the kinds of service and so not be needed in English: “All their service in which they served [was] with rigor.”

⁵ tn Heb “took for a wife” (also in vv. 23, 25).

⁹ tn Heb “a man…his brother.”

¹⁰ tn The perfect tense in this context requires the somewhat rare classification of a potential perfect.

¹³ tn Heb “from/at [the] end, from this.”

¹⁴ tn The repetition of the expression indicates it has the distributive sense.