1 tn This phrase translates the Hebrew word חָזַק (khazaq); see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 53.
2 tn Heb “thus, so.”
3 tn The vav consecutive on the preterite introduces the outcome or result of the matter – Pharaoh was hardened.
4 tn Heb “and the heart of Pharaoh became hard.” This phrase translates the Hebrew word חָזַק (khazaq; see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 53). In context this represents the continuation of a prior condition.
5 tn Heb “to them”; the referents (Moses and Aaron) have been specified in the translation for clarity.