Exodus 8:6

8:6 So Aaron extended his hand over the waters of Egypt, and frogs ¹  came up and covered the land of Egypt.

Exodus 7:19

7:19 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Take your staff and stretch out your hand over Egypt’s waters – over their rivers, over their canals, ²  over their ponds, and over all their reservoirs ³  – so that it becomes ⁴  blood.’ There will be blood everywhere in ⁵  the land of Egypt, even in wooden and stone containers.”

¹ tn The noun is singular, a collective. B. Jacob notes that this would be the more natural way to refer to the frogs (Exodus, 260).

² tn Or “irrigation rivers” of the Nile.

³ sn The Hebrew term means “gathering,” i.e., wherever they gathered or collected waters, notably cisterns and reservoirs. This would naturally lead to the inclusion of both wooden and stone vessels – down to the smallest gatherings.

⁴ tn The imperfect tense with vav (ו) after the imperative indicates the purpose or result: “in order that they [the waters] be[come] blood.”

⁵ tn Or “in all.”