24:16 Fathers must not be put to death for what their children 4 do, nor children for what their fathers do; each must be put to death for his own sin.
24:1 If a man marries a woman and she does not please him because he has found something offensive 5 in her, then he may draw up a divorce document, give it to her, and evict her from his house.
22:20 But if the accusation is true and the young woman was not a virgin,
25:4 You must not muzzle your 18 ox when it is treading grain.
31:29 “When that time comes, people will no longer say, ‘The parents have eaten sour grapes, but the children’s teeth have grown numb.’ 19 31:30 Rather, each person will die for his own sins. The teeth of the person who eats the sour grapes will themselves grow numb. 20
1 tn Heb “life.”
2 tn Heb “be put to death.” The translation follows an alternative reading that appears in several ancient textual witnesses.
3 tn Heb “his blood will be upon him.”
3 tn Heb “sons” (so NASB; twice in this verse). Many English versions, including the KJV, read “children” here.
4 tn Heb “nakedness of a thing.” The Hebrew phrase עֶרְוַת דָּבָר (’ervat davar) refers here to some gross sexual impropriety (see note on “indecent” in Deut 23:14). Though the term usually has to do only with indecent exposure of the genitals, it can also include such behavior as adultery (cf. Lev 18:6-18; 20:11, 17, 20-21; Ezek 22:10; 23:29; Hos 2:10).
5 tn The Hebrew term is דַּיָּה (dayyah). This, with the previous two terms (רָאָה [ra’ah] and אַיָּה [’ayyah]), is probably a kite of some species but otherwise impossible to specify.
6 tn Or “set apart.”
7 tn Heb “The
8 tn Or “treasured.” The Hebrew term סְגֻלָּה (sÿgullah) describes Israel as God’s choice people, those whom he elected and who are most precious to him (cf. Exod 19:4-6; Deut 14:2; 26:18; 1 Chr 29:3; Ps 135:4; Eccl 2:8 Mal 3:17). See E. Carpenter, NIDOTTE 3:224.
7 tn The Hebrew text includes “among the animals.” This has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.
8 tn Heb “discipline.”
9 tn Heb “for he”; the referent (the man who made the accusation) has been specified in the translation to avoid confusion with the young woman’s father, the last-mentioned male.
10 tn Heb “brought forth a bad name.”
10 tn Heb “your brother” (also later in this verse).
11 tn Heb “is not.” The idea of “residing” is implied.
12 tn Heb “and you do not know him.”
13 tn Heb “it”; the referent (the ox or sheep mentioned in v. 1) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
11 tn Heb “an.” By implication this is one’s own animal.
12 tn This word only occurs here and in the parallel passage in Ezek 18:2 in the Qal stem and in Eccl 10:10 in the Piel stem. In the latter passage it refers to the bluntness of an ax that has not been sharpened. Here the idea is of the “bluntness” of the teeth, not from having ground them down due to the bitter taste of sour grapes but to the fact that they have lost their “edge,” “bite,” or “sharpness” because they are numb from the sour taste. For this meaning for the word see W. L. Holladay, Jeremiah (Hermeneia), 2:197.
13 sn The