44:17 “‘When they enter the gates of the inner court, they must wear linen garments; they must not have any wool on them when they minister in the inner gates of the court and in the temple. 44:18 Linen turbans will be on their heads and linen undergarments will be around their waists; they must not bind themselves with anything that causes sweat. 44:19 When they go out to the outer court to the people, they must remove the garments they were ministering in, and place them in the holy chambers; they must put on other garments so that they will not transmit holiness to the people with their garments. 1
44:20 “‘They must not shave their heads 2 nor let their hair grow long; 3 they must only trim their heads. 44:21 No priest may drink wine when he enters the inner court. 44:22 They must not marry a widow or a divorcee, but they may marry a virgin from the house of Israel 4 or a widow who is a priest’s widow. 44:23 Moreover, they will teach my people the difference between the holy and the common, and show them how to distinguish between the ceremonially unclean and the clean. 5
44:24 “‘In a controversy they will act as judges; 6 they will judge according to my ordinances. They will keep my laws and my statutes regarding all my appointed festivals and will observe 7 my Sabbaths.
44:25 “‘They must not come near a dead person or they will be defiled; 8 however, for father, mother, son, daughter, brother or sister, they may defile themselves. 44:26 After a priest 9 has become ceremonially clean, they 10 must count off a period of seven days for him. 44:27 On the day he enters the sanctuary, into the inner court to serve in the sanctuary, he must offer his sin offering, declares the sovereign Lord.
44:28 “‘This will be their inheritance: I am their inheritance, and you must give them no property in Israel; I am their property. 11 44:29 They may eat the grain offering, the sin offering, and the guilt offering, and every devoted thing in Israel will be theirs. 44:30 The first of all the first fruits and all contributions of any kind 12 will be for the priests; you will also give to the priest the first portion of your dough, so that a blessing may rest on your house. 44:31 The priests will not eat any bird or animal that has died a natural death or was torn to pieces by a wild animal. 13
1 sn For a similar concept of the transmitting of holiness, see Exod 19:12-14; Lev 10:1-2; 2 Sam 6:7. Similar laws concerning the priest are found in Lev 10 and 21.
2 sn The shaving of the head was associated with mourning (Ezek 7:18).
3 sn Letting the hair grow was associated with the taking of a vow (Num 6:5; Acts 21:23-26).
4 tn Heb “from the offspring of the house of Israel.”
5 sn This task was a fundamental role of the priest (Lev 10:10).
6 sn For a historical illustration of the priest carrying out this function, see 2 Chr 19:9-11.
7 tn Heb “sanctify, set apart.”
8 sn This law was part of the legal code for priests (Lev 21:1-3).
9 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the priest) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
10 tc One medieval Hebrew
11 sn See Num 18:20; Deut 10:9; 18:2; Josh 13:33; 18:7.
12 tn Heb has in addition “from your contributions,” a repetition unnecessary in English.
13 tn The words “by a wild animal” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied in the translation as a clarification of the circumstances.