Galatians 4:19

4:19 My children – I am again undergoing birth pains until Christ is formed in you! ¹ 

Galatians 4:1

4:1 Now I mean that the heir, as long as he is a minor, ²  is no different from a slave, though he is the owner ³  of everything.

Galatians 2:1

Confirmation from the Jerusalem Apostles

2:1 Then after fourteen years I went up to Jerusalem ⁴  again with Barnabas, taking Titus along too.

Galatians 4:4

4:4 But when the appropriate time ⁵  had come, God sent out his Son, born of a woman, born under the law,

Galatians 5:21

5:21 envying, ⁶  murder, ⁷  drunkenness, carousing, ⁸  and similar things. I am warning you, as I had warned you before: Those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God!

¹ tn Grk “My children, for whom I am again undergoing birth pains until Christ is formed in you.” The relative clauses in English do not pick up the emotional force of Paul’s language here (note “tone of voice” in v. 20, indicating that he is passionately concerned for them); hence, the translation has been altered slightly to capture the connotative power of Paul’s plea.

² tn Grk “a small child.” The Greek term νήπιος (nhpios) refers to a young child, no longer a helpless infant but probably not more than three or four years old (L&N 9.43). The point in context, though, is that this child is too young to take any responsibility for the management of his assets.

³ tn Grk “master” or “lord” (κύριος, kurios).

⁴ map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.

⁵ tn Grk “the fullness of time” (an idiom for the totality of a period of time, with the implication of proper completion; see L&N 67.69).

⁶ tn This term is plural in Greek (as is “murder” and “carousing”), but for clarity these abstract nouns have been translated as singular.

⁷ tc ‡ φόνοι (fonoi, “murders”) is absent in such important mss as Ì⁴⁶ א B 33 81 323 945 pc sa, while the majority of mss (A C D F G Ψ 0122 0278 1739 1881 Ï lat) have the word. Although the pedigree of the mss which lack the term is of the highest degree, homoioteleuton may well explain the shorter reading. The preceding word has merely one letter difference, making it quite possible to overlook this term (φθόνοι φόνοι, fqonoi fonoi).

⁸ tn Or “revelings,” “orgies” (L&N 88.287).