Galatians 1:1

Salutation

1:1 From Paul, ¹  an apostle (not from men, nor by human agency, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead)

Galatians 1:7

1:7 not that there really is another gospel, ²  but ³  there are some who are disturbing you and wanting ⁴  to distort the gospel of Christ.

Galatians 1:10

1:10 Am I now trying to gain the approval of people, ⁵  or of God? Or am I trying to please people? ⁶  If I were still trying to please ⁷  people, ⁸  I would not be a slave ⁹  of Christ!

Galatians 1:16

1:16 to reveal his Son in ¹⁰  me so that I could preach him ¹¹  among the Gentiles, I did not go to ask advice from ¹²  any human being, ¹³ 

Galatians 4:14

4:14 and though my physical condition put you to the test, you did not despise or reject me. ¹⁴  Instead, you welcomed me as though I were an angel of God, ¹⁵  as though I were Christ Jesus himself! ¹⁶ 

Galatians 5:21

5:21 envying, ¹⁷  murder, ¹⁸  drunkenness, carousing, ¹⁹  and similar things. I am warning you, as I had warned you before: Those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God!

Galatians 6:4

6:4 Let each one examine ²⁰  his own work. Then he can take pride ²¹  in himself and not compare himself with ²²  someone else.

¹ tn Grk “Paul.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.

² tn Grk “which is not another,” but this could be misunderstood to mean “which is not really different.” In fact, as Paul goes on to make clear, there is no other gospel than the one he preaches.

³ tn Grk “except.”

⁴ tn Or “trying.”

³ tn Grk “of men”; but here ἀνθρώπους (anqrwpou") is used in a generic sense of both men and women.

⁴ tn Grk “men”; but here ἀνθρώποις (anqrwpoi") is used in a generic sense of both men and women.

⁵ tn The imperfect verb has been translated conatively (ExSyn 550).

⁶ tn Grk “men”; but here ἀνθρώποις (anqrwpoi") is used in a generic sense of both men and women.

⁷ tn Traditionally, “servant” or “bondservant.” Though δοῦλος (doulos) is normally translated “servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. BDAG notes that “‘servant’ for ‘slave’ is largely confined to Biblical transl. and early American times…in normal usage at the present time the two words are carefully distinguished” (BDAG 260 s.v.). The most accurate translation is “bondservant” (sometimes found in the ASV for δοῦλος), in that it often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another. But as this is archaic, few today understand its force.

⁴ tn Or “to me”; the Greek preposition ἐν (en) can mean either, depending on the context.

⁵ tn This pronoun refers to “his Son,” mentioned earlier in the verse.

⁶ tn Or “I did not consult with.” For the translation “I did not go to ask advice from” see L&N 33.175.

⁷ tn Grk “from flesh and blood.”

⁵ tn Grk “your trial in my flesh you did not despise or reject.”

⁶ tn Or “the angel of God.” Linguistically, “angel of God” is the same in both testaments (and thus, he is either “an angel of God” or “the angel of God” in both testaments). For arguments and implications, see ExSyn 252; M. J. Davidson, “Angels,” DJG, 9; W. G. MacDonald argues for “an angel” in both testaments: “Christology and ‘The Angel of the Lord’,” Current Issues in Biblical and Patristic Interpretation, 324-35.

⁷ tn Grk “as an angel of God…as Christ Jesus.” This could be understood to mean either “you welcomed me like an angel of God would,” or “you welcomed me as though I were an angel of God.” In context only the second is accurate, so the translation has been phrased to indicate this.

⁶ tn This term is plural in Greek (as is “murder” and “carousing”), but for clarity these abstract nouns have been translated as singular.

⁷ tc ‡ φόνοι (fonoi, “murders”) is absent in such important mss as Ì⁴⁶ א B 33 81 323 945 pc sa, while the majority of mss (A C D F G Ψ 0122 0278 1739 1881 Ï lat) have the word. Although the pedigree of the mss which lack the term is of the highest degree, homoioteleuton may well explain the shorter reading. The preceding word has merely one letter difference, making it quite possible to overlook this term (φθόνοι φόνοι, fqonoi fonoi).

⁸ tn Or “revelings,” “orgies” (L&N 88.287).

⁷ tn Or “determine the genuineness of.”

⁸ tn Grk “he will have a reason for boasting.”

⁹ tn Or “and not in regard to.” The idea of comparison is implied in the context.