Galatians 1:22

1:22 But I was personally ¹  unknown to the churches of Judea that are in Christ.

Galatians 3:23

Sons of God Are Heirs of Promise

3:23 Now before faith ²  came we were held in custody under the law, being kept as prisoners ³  until the coming faith would be revealed.

Galatians 4:20

4:20 I wish I could be with you now and change my tone of voice, ⁴  because I am perplexed about you.

Galatians 5:4

5:4 You who are trying to be declared righteous ⁵  by the law have been alienated ⁶  from Christ; you have fallen away from grace!

Galatians 5:7

5:7 You were running well; who prevented you from obeying ⁷  the truth?

¹ tn Or “by sight”; Grk “by face.”

² tn Or “the faithfulness [of Christ] came.”

³ tc Instead of the present participle συγκλειόμενοι (sunkleiomenoi; found in Ì⁴⁶ א A B D* F G P Ψ 33 1739 al), C D¹ 0176 0278 Ï have the perfect συγκεκλεισμένοι (sunkekleismenoi). The syntactical implication of the perfect is that the cause or the means of being held in custody was confinement (“we were held in custody [by/because of] being confined”). The present participle of course allows for such options, but also allows for contemporaneous time (“while being confined”) and result (“with the result that we were confined”). Externally, the perfect participle has little to commend it, being restricted for the most part to later and Byzantine witnesses.

³ tn Grk “voice” or “tone.” The contemporary English expression “tone of voice” is a good approximation to the meaning here.

⁴ tn Or “trying to be justified.” The verb δικαιοῦσθε (dikaiousqe) has been translated as a conative present (see ExSyn 534).

⁵ tn Or “estranged”; BDAG 526 s.v. καταργέω 4 states, “Of those who aspire to righteousness through the law κ. ἀπὸ Χριστοῦ be estranged from Christ Gal 5:4.”

⁵ tn Or “following.” BDAG 792 s.v. πείθω 3.b states, “obey, follow w. dat. of the pers. or thing…Gal 3:1 v.l.; 5:7.”