Galatians 3:9

3:9 So then those who believe ¹  are blessed along with Abraham the believer.

Galatians 3:20

3:20 Now an intermediary is not for one party alone, but God is one. ² 

Galatians 4:2

4:2 But he is under guardians ³  and managers until the date set by his ⁴  father.

Galatians 4:5

4:5 to redeem those who were under the law, so that we may be adopted as sons with full rights. ⁵ 

Galatians 4:13

Personal Appeal of Paul

4:13 But you know it was because of a physical illness that I first proclaimed the gospel to you,

Galatians 4:21

An Appeal from Allegory

4:21 Tell me, you who want to be under the law, do you not understand the law? ⁶ 

Galatians 4:29

4:29 But just as at that time the one born by natural descent ⁷  persecuted the one born according to the Spirit, ⁸  so it is now.

Galatians 5:19

5:19 Now the works of the flesh ⁹  are obvious: ¹⁰  sexual immorality, impurity, depravity,

¹ tn Grk “those who are by faith,” with the Greek expression “by faith” (ἐκ πίστεως, ek pistew") the same as the expression in v. 8.

² tn The meaning of this verse is disputed. According to BDAG 634 s.v. μεσίτης, “It prob. means that the activity of an intermediary implies the existence of more than one party, and hence may be unsatisfactory because it must result in a compromise. The presence of an intermediary would prevent attainment, without any impediment, of the purpose of the εἶς θεός in giving the law.” See also A. Oepke, TDNT 4:598-624, esp. 618-19.

³ tn The Greek term translated “guardians” here is ἐπίτροπος (epitropo"), whose semantic domain overlaps with that of παιδαγωγός (paidagwgo") according to L&N 36.5.

⁴ tn Grk “the,” but the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).

⁴ tn The Greek term υἱοθεσία (Juioqesia) was originally a legal technical term for adoption as a son with full rights of inheritance. BDAG 1024 s.v. notes, “a legal t.t. of ‘adoption’ of children, in our lit., i.e. in Paul, only in a transferred sense of a transcendent filial relationship between God and humans (with the legal aspect, not gender specificity, as major semantic component).” Although some modern translations remove the filial sense completely and render the term merely “adoption” (cf. NAB), the retention of this component of meaning was accomplished in the present translation by the phrase “as sons.”

⁵ tn Or “will you not hear what the law says?” The Greek verb ἀκούω (akouw) means “hear, listen to,” but by figurative extension it can also mean “obey.” It can also refer to the process of comprehension that follows hearing, and that sense fits the context well here.

⁶ tn Grk “according to the flesh”; see the note on the phrase “by natural descent” in 4:23.

⁷ tn Or “the one born by the Spirit’s [power].”

⁷ tn See the note on the word “flesh” in Gal 5:13.

⁸ tn Or “clear,” “evident.”