10:15 Canaan was the father of 1 Sidon his firstborn, 2 Heth, 3 10:16 the Jebusites, 4 Amorites, 5 Girgashites, 6 10:17 Hivites, 7 Arkites, 8 Sinites, 9 10:18 Arvadites, 10 Zemarites, 11 and Hamathites. 12 Eventually the families of the Canaanites were scattered
7:1 When the Lord your God brings you to the land that you are going to occupy and forces out many nations before you – Hittites, 22 Girgashites, 23 Amorites, 24 Canaanites, 25 Perizzites, 26 Hivites, 27 and Jebusites, 28 seven 29 nations more numerous and powerful than you –
9:1 When the news reached all the kings on the west side of the Jordan 30 – in the hill country, the lowlands, 31 and all along the Mediterranean coast 32 as far as 33 Lebanon (including the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites) –
1 tn Heb “fathered.”
2 sn Sidon was the foremost city in Phoenicia; here Sidon may be the name of its founder.
3 tn Some see a reference to “Hittites” here (cf. NIV), but this seems unlikely. See the note on the phrase “sons of Heth” in Gen 23:3.
4 sn The Jebusites were the Canaanite inhabitants of ancient Jerusalem.
5 sn Here Amorites refers to smaller groups of Canaanite inhabitants of the mountainous regions of Palestine, rather than the large waves of Amurru, or western Semites, who migrated to the region.
6 sn The Girgashites are an otherwise unknown Canaanite tribe, though the name is possibly mentioned in Ugaritic texts (see G. J. Wenham, Genesis [WBC], 1:226).
7 sn The Hivites were Canaanite tribes of a Hurrian origin.
8 sn The Arkites lived in Arka, a city in Lebanon, north of Sidon.
9 sn The Sinites lived in Sin, another town in Lebanon.
10 sn The Arvadites lived in the city Arvad, located on an island near the mainland close to the river El Kebir.
11 sn The Zemarites lived in the town Sumur, north of Arka.
12 sn The Hamathites lived in Hamath on the Orontes River.
13 tn The words “the land” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
14 tn Each of the names in the list has the Hebrew definite article, which is used here generically for the class of people identified.
15 sn God’s coming down is a frequent anthropomorphism in Genesis and Exodus. It expresses his direct involvement, often in the exercise of judgment.
16 tn The Hiphil infinitive with the suffix is לְהַצִּילוֹ (lÿhatsilo, “to deliver them”). It expresses the purpose of God’s coming down. The verb itself is used for delivering or rescuing in the general sense, and snatching out of danger for the specific.
17 tn Heb “to a land good and large”; NRSV “to a good and broad land.” In the translation the words “that is both” are supplied because in contemporary English “good and” combined with any additional descriptive term can be understood as elative (“good and large” = “very large”; “good and spacious” = “very spacious”; “good and ready” = “very ready”). The point made in the Hebrew text is that the land to which they are going is both good (in terms of quality) and large (in terms of size).
18 tn This vibrant description of the promised land is a familiar one. Gesenius classifies “milk and honey” as epexegetical genitives because they provide more precise description following a verbal adjective in the construct state (GKC 418-19 §128.x). The land is modified by “flowing,” and “flowing” is explained by the genitives “milk and honey.” These two products will be in abundance in the land, and they therefore exemplify what a desirable land it is. The language is hyperbolic, as if the land were streaming with these products.
19 tn Each people group is joined to the preceding by the vav conjunction, “and.” Each also has the definite article, as in other similar lists (3:17; 13:5; 34:11). To repeat the conjunction and article in the translation seems to put more weight on the list in English than is necessary to its function in identifying what land God was giving the Israelites.
20 tn Heb “And I said.”
21 tn See the note on this list in 3:8.
22 sn Hittites. The center of Hittite power was in Anatolia (central modern Turkey). In the Late Bronze Age (1550-1200
23 sn Girgashites. These cannot be ethnically identified and are unknown outside the OT. They usually appear in such lists only when the intention is to have seven groups in all (see also the note on the word “seven” later in this verse).
24 sn Amorites. Originally from the upper Euphrates region (Amurru), the Amorites appear to have migrated into Canaan beginning in 2200
25 sn Canaanites. These were the indigenous peoples of the land, going back to the beginning of recorded history (ca. 3000
26 sn Perizzites. This is probably a subgroup of Canaanites (Gen 13:7; 34:30).
27 sn Hivites. These are usually thought to be the same as the Hurrians, a people well-known in ancient Near Eastern texts. They are likely identical to the Horites (see note on the term “Horites” in Deut 2:12).
28 sn Jebusites. These inhabited the hill country, particularly in and about Jerusalem (cf. Num 13:29; Josh 15:8; 2 Sam 5:6; 24:16).
29 sn Seven. This is an ideal number in the OT, one symbolizing fullness or completeness. Therefore, the intent of the text here is not to be precise and list all of Israel’s enemies but simply to state that Israel will have a full complement of foes to deal with. For other lists of Canaanites, some with fewer than seven peoples, see Exod 3:8; 13:5; 23:23, 28; 33:2; 34:11; Deut 20:17; Josh 3:10; 9:1; 24:11. Moreover, the “Table of Nations” (Gen 10:15-19) suggests that all of these (possibly excepting the Perizzites) were offspring of Canaan and therefore Canaanites.
30 tn Heb “When all the kings who were beyond the Jordan heard.”
31 tn Or “foothills”; Heb “the Shephelah.”
32 tn Heb “all the coast of the Great Sea.” The “Great Sea” was the typical designation for the Mediterranean Sea.
33 tn Heb “in front of.”
34 tn Heb “the” (so NAB).
35 tn Heb “seed.”
36 tn Heb “your words.”