Genesis 12:18-19

12:18 So Pharaoh summoned Abram and said, “What is this ¹  you have done to me? Why didn’t you tell me that she was your wife? 12:19 Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her ²  to be my wife? ³  Here is your wife! ⁴  Take her and go!” ⁵ 

Leviticus 20:10

20:10 If a man ⁶  commits adultery with his neighbor’s wife, ⁷  both the adulterer and the adulteress must be put to death.

Leviticus 20:2

20:2 “You are to say to the Israelites, ‘Any man from the Israelites or from the foreigners who reside in Israel ⁸  who gives any of his children ⁹  to Molech ¹⁰  must be put to death; the people of the land must pelt him with stones. ¹¹ 

Leviticus 11:3-4

11:3 You may eat any among the animals that has a divided hoof (the hooves are completely split in two ¹² ) and that also chews the cud. ¹³  11:4 However, you must not eat these ¹⁴  from among those that chew the cud and have divided hooves: The camel is unclean to you ¹⁵  because it chews the cud ¹⁶  even though its hoof is not divided. ¹⁷ 

Leviticus 12:1

Purification of a Woman after Childbirth

12:1 The Lord spoke to Moses:

Leviticus 12:1

Purification of a Woman after Childbirth

12:1 The Lord spoke to Moses:

Leviticus 16:21

16:21 Aaron is to lay his two hands on the head of the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities of the Israelites and all their transgressions in regard to all their sins, ¹⁸  and thus he is to put them ¹⁹  on the head of the goat and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man standing ready. ²⁰ 

Jeremiah 5:8-9

5:8 They are like lusty, well-fed ²¹  stallions.

Each of them lusts after ²²  his neighbor’s wife.

5:9 I will surely punish them for doing such things!” says the Lord.

“I will surely bring retribution on such a nation as this!” ²³ 

Ezekiel 22:11

22:11 One ²⁴  commits an abominable act with his neighbor’s wife; another obscenely defiles his daughter-in-law; another violates ²⁵  his sister – his father’s daughter ²⁶  – within you.

Malachi 3:5

3:5 “I ²⁷  will come to you in judgment. I will be quick to testify against those who practice divination, those who commit adultery, those who break promises, ²⁸  and those who exploit workers, widows, and orphans, ²⁹  who refuse to help ³⁰  the immigrant ³¹  and in this way show they do not fear me,” says the Lord who rules over all.

¹ tn The demonstrative pronoun translated “this” adds emphasis: “What in the world have you done to me?” (R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 24, §118).

² tn The preterite with vav (ו) consecutive here expresses consequence.

³ tn Heb “to me for a wife.”

⁴ tn Heb “Look, your wife!”

⁵ tn Heb “take and go.”

³ tn Heb “And a man who.” The syntax here and at the beginning of the following verses elliptically mirrors that of v. 9, which justifies the rendering as a conditional clause.

⁴ tc The reading of the LXX minuscule mss has been followed here (see the BHS footnote a-a). The MT has a dittography, repeating “a man who commits adultery with the wife of” (see the explanation in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 328). The duplication found in the MT is reflected in some English versions, e.g., KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV.

⁴ tn Heb “or from the sojourner who sojourns”; NAB “an alien residing in Israel.”

⁵ tn Heb “his seed” (so KJV, ASV); likewise in vv. 3-4.

⁶ tn Regarding Molech and Molech worship see the note on Lev 18:21.

⁷ tn This is not the most frequently-used Hebrew verb for stoning (see instead סָקַל, saqal), but a word that refers to the action of throwing, slinging, or pelting someone with stones (רָגָם, ragam; see HALOT 1187 s.v. רגם qal.a, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 136).

⁵ tn Heb “every divider of hoof and cleaver of the cleft of hooves”; KJV, ASV “parteth the hoof, and is clovenfooted.”

⁶ tn Heb “bringer up of the cud” (a few of the ancient versions include the conjunction “and,” but it does not appear in the MT). The following verses make it clear that both dividing the hoof and chewing the cud were required; one of these conditions would not be enough to make the animal suitable for eating without the other.

⁶ tn Heb “this,” but as a collective plural (see the following context).

⁷ sn Regarding “clean” versus “unclean,” see the note on Lev 10:10.

⁸ tn Heb “because a chewer of the cud it is” (see also vv. 5 and 6).

⁹ tn Heb “and hoof there is not dividing” (see also vv. 5 and 6).

⁷ tn Heb “transgressions to all their sins.”

⁸ tn Heb “and he shall give them.”

⁹ tn The meaning of the Hebrew term עִתִּי (’itti) is uncertain. It is apparently related to עֵת (’et, “time”), and could perhaps mean either that he has been properly “appointed” (i.e., designated) for the task (e.g., NIV and NRSV) or “ready” (e.g., NASB and NEB).

⁸ tn The meanings of these two adjectives are uncertain. The translation of the first adjective is based on assuming that the word is a defectively written participle related to the noun “testicle” (a Hiphil participle מַאֲשִׁכִים [ma’ashikhim] from a verb related to אֶשֶׁךְ [’eshekh, “testicle”]; cf. Lev 21:20) and hence “having testicles” (cf. HALOT 1379 s.v. שָׁכָה) instead of the Masoretic form מַשְׁכִּים (mashkim) from a root שָׁכָה (shakhah), which is otherwise unattested in either verbal or nominal forms. The second adjective is best derived from a verb root meaning “to feed” (a Hophal participle מוּזָנִים [muzanim, the Kethib] from a root זוּן [zun; cf. BDB 266 s.v. זוּן] for which there is the cognate noun מָזוֹן [mazon; cf. 2 Chr 11:23]). This is more likely than the derivation from a root יָזַן ([yazan]reading מְיֻזָּנִים [mÿyuzzanim], a Pual participle with the Qere) which is otherwise unattested in verbal or nominal forms and whose meaning is dependent only on a supposed Arabic cognate (cf. HALOT 387 s.v. יָזַן).

⁹ tn Heb “neighs after.”

⁹ tn Heb “Should I not punish them…? Should I not bring retribution…?” The rhetorical questions have the force of strong declarations.

¹⁰ tn Heb “a man.”

¹¹ tn The verb is the same one used in verse 10b and suggests forcible sexual violation of the woman.

¹² sn Sexual relations with one’s half-sister may be primarily in view here. See Lev 18:9; 20:17.

¹¹ tn The first person pronoun (a reference to the Lord) indicates that the Lord himself now speaks (see also v. 1). The prophet speaks in vv. 2-4 (see also 2:17).

¹² tn Heb “those who swear [oaths] falsely.” Cf. NIV “perjurers”; TEV “those who give false testimony”; NLT “liars.”

¹³ tn Heb “and against the oppressors of the worker for a wage, [the] widow and orphan.”

¹⁴ tn Heb “those who turn aside.”

¹⁵ tn Or “resident foreigner”; NIV “aliens”; NRSV “the alien.”