Genesis 14:14-17

14:14 When Abram heard that his nephew ¹  had been taken captive, he mobilized ²  his 318 trained men who had been born in his household, and he pursued the invaders ³  as far as Dan. ⁴  14:15 Then, during the night, ⁵  Abram ⁶  divided his forces ⁷  against them and defeated them. He chased them as far as Hobah, which is north ⁸  of Damascus. 14:16 He retrieved all the stolen property. ⁹  He also brought back his nephew Lot and his possessions, as well as the women and the rest of ¹⁰  the people.

14:17 After Abram ¹¹  returned from defeating Kedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, the king of Sodom went out to meet Abram ¹²  in the Valley of Shaveh (known as the King’s Valley). ¹³ 

Deuteronomy 33:5

33:5 The Lord ¹⁴  was king over Jeshurun, ¹⁵ 

when the leaders of the people assembled,

the tribes of Israel together. ¹⁶ 

¹ tn Heb “his brother,” by extension, “relative.” Here and in v. 16 the more specific term “nephew” has been used in the translation for clarity. Lot was the son of Haran, Abram’s brother (Gen 11:27).

² tn The verb וַיָּרֶק (vayyareq) is a rare form, probably related to the word רֵיק (req, “to be empty”). If so, it would be a very figurative use: “he emptied out” (or perhaps “unsheathed”) his men. The LXX has “mustered” (cf. NEB). E. A. Speiser (Genesis [AB], 103-4) suggests reading with the Samaritan Pentateuch a verb diq, cognate with Akkadian deku, “to mobilize” troops. If this view is accepted, one must assume that a confusion of the Hebrew letters ד (dalet) and ר (resh) led to the error in the traditional Hebrew text. These two letters are easily confused in all phases of ancient Hebrew script development. The present translation is based on this view.

³ tn The words “the invaders” have been supplied in the translation for clarification.

⁴ sn The use of the name Dan reflects a later perspective. The Danites did not migrate to this northern territory until centuries later (see Judg 18:29). Furthermore Dan was not even born until much later. By inserting this name a scribe has clarified the location of the region.

⁵ tn The Hebrew text simply has “night” as an adverbial accusative.

⁶ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Abram) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁷ tn Heb “he divided himself…he and his servants.”

⁸ tn Heb “left.” Directions in ancient Israel were given in relation to the east rather than the north.

⁹ tn The word “stolen” is supplied in the translation for clarification.

¹⁰ tn The phrase “the rest of “ has been supplied in the translation for clarification.

¹¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Abram) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹² tn Heb “him”; the referent (Abram) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹³ sn The King’s Valley is possibly a reference to what came to be known later as the Kidron Valley.

¹⁴ tn Heb “he was king.” The present translation avoids the sudden shift in person and the mistaken impression that Moses is the referent by specifying the referent as “the Lord.”

¹⁵ sn Jeshurun is a term of affection referring to Israel, derived from the Hebrew verb יָשַׁר (yashar, “be upright”). See note on the term in Deut 32:15.

¹⁶ sn The following blessing is given to the tribes in order, although the tribe of Simeon is curiously missing from the list.