Genesis 19:28

19:28 He looked out toward ¹  Sodom and Gomorrah and all the land of that region. ²  As he did so, he saw the smoke rising up from the land like smoke from a furnace. ³ 

Jeremiah 29:22

29:22 And all the exiles of Judah who are in Babylon will use them as examples when they put a curse on anyone. They will say, “May the Lord treat you like Zedekiah and Ahab whom the king of Babylon roasted to death in the fire!” ⁴ 

Ezekiel 22:18-22

22:18 “Son of man, the house of Israel has become slag to me. All of them are like bronze, tin, iron, and lead in the furnace; ⁵  they are the worthless slag of silver. 22:19 Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: ‘Because all of you ⁶  have become slag, look out! – I am about to gather you in the middle of Jerusalem. ⁷  22:20 As silver, bronze, iron, lead, and tin are gathered in a furnace so that the fire can melt them, so I will gather you in my anger and in my rage. I will deposit you there ⁸  and melt you. 22:21 I will gather you and blow on you with the fire of my fury, and you will be melted in it. 22:22 As silver is melted in a furnace, so you will be melted in it, and you will know that I, the Lord, have poured out my anger on you.’”

Matthew 13:42

13:42 They will throw them into the fiery furnace, ⁹  where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

Matthew 13:50

13:50 and throw them into the fiery furnace, ¹⁰  where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

Revelation 9:2

9:2 He ¹¹  opened the shaft of the abyss and smoke rose out of it ¹²  like smoke from a giant furnace. The ¹³  sun and the air were darkened with smoke from the shaft.

Revelation 14:11

14:11 And the smoke from their ¹⁴  torture will go up ¹⁵  forever and ever, and those who worship the beast and his image will have ¹⁶  no rest day or night, along with ¹⁷  anyone who receives the mark of his name.”

¹ tn Heb “upon the face of.”

² tn Or “all the land of the plain”; Heb “and all the face of the land of the circle,” referring to the “circle” or oval area of the Jordan Valley.

³ tn Heb “And he saw, and look, the smoke of the land went up like the smoke of a furnace.”

⁴ sn Being roasted to death in the fire appears to have been a common method of execution in Babylon. See Dan 3:6, 19-21. The famous law code of the Babylonian king Hammurabi also mandated this method of execution for various crimes a thousand years earlier. There is a satirical play on words involving their fate, “roasted them to death” (קָלָם, qalam), and the fact that that fate would become a common topic of curse (קְלָלָה, qÿlalah) pronounced on others in Babylon.

⁵ tn For similar imagery, see Isa 1:21-26; Jer 6:27-30.

⁶ tn The Hebrew second person pronoun is masculine plural here and in vv. 19b-21, indicating that the people are being addressed.

⁷ map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.

⁸ tn Heb “I will put.” No object is supplied in the Hebrew, prompting many to emend the text to “I will blow.” See BHS and verse 21.

⁹ sn A quotation from Dan 3:6.

¹⁰ sn An allusion to Dan 3:6.

¹¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

¹² tn Grk “the shaft,” but since this would be somewhat redundant in English, the pronoun “it” is used here.

¹³ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

¹⁴ tn The Greek pronoun is plural here even though the verbs in the previous verse are singular.

¹⁵ tn The present tense ἀναβαίνει (anabainei) has been translated as a futuristic present (ExSyn 535-36). This is also consistent with the future passive βασανισθήσεται (basanisqhsetai) in v. 10.

¹⁶ tn The present tense ἔχουσιν (ecousin) has been translated as a futuristic present to keep the English tense consistent with the previous verb (see note on “will go up” earlier in this verse).

¹⁷ tn Grk “and.”