27:29 May peoples serve you
and nations bow down to you.
You will be 1 lord 2 over your brothers,
and the sons of your mother will bow down to you. 3
May those who curse you be cursed,
and those who bless you be blessed.”
27:40 You will live by your sword
but you will serve your brother.
When you grow restless,
you will tear off his yoke
from your neck.” 4
For the music director; according to the shushan-eduth style; 10 a prayer 11 of David written to instruct others. 12 It was written when he fought against Aram Naharaim and Aram-Zobah. That was when Joab turned back and struck down 13 12,000 Edomites 14 in the Valley of Salt. 15
60:1 O God, you have rejected us. 16
You suddenly turned on us in your anger. 17
Please restore us! 18
60:8 Moab is my washbasin. 19
I will make Edom serve me. 20
I will shout in triumph over Philistia.” 21
60:9 Who will lead me into the fortified city?
Who will bring me to Edom? 22
60:10 Have you not rejected us, O God?
O God, you do not go into battle with our armies.
60:11 Give us help against the enemy,
for any help men might offer is futile. 23
60:12 By God’s power we will conquer; 24
he will trample down 25 our enemies.
34:5 He says, 26 “Indeed, my sword has slaughtered heavenly powers. 27
Look, it now descends on Edom, 28
on the people I will annihilate in judgment.”
63:1 Who is this who comes from Edom, 29
dressed in bright red, coming from Bozrah? 30
Who 31 is this one wearing royal attire, 32
who marches confidently 33 because of his great strength?
“It is I, the one who announces vindication,
and who is able to deliver!” 34
9:12 As a result they 35 will conquer those left in Edom 36
and all the nations subject to my rule.” 37
The Lord, who is about to do this, is speaking!
1 tn Heb “and be.” The verb is an imperative, which is used rhetorically in this oracle of blessing. It is an invitation to exercise authority his brothers and indicates that he is granted such authority by the patriarch of the family. Furthermore, the blessing enables the recipient to accomplish this.
2 tn The Hebrew word is גְבִיר (gevir, “lord, mighty one”). The one being blessed will be stronger and therefore more powerful than his brother. See Gen 25:23. The feminine form of this rare noun means “mistress” or “queen-mother.”
3 tn Following the imperative, the prefixed verbal form (which is either an imperfect or a jussive) with the prefixed conjunction indicates purpose or result.
4 sn You will tear off his yoke from your neck. It may be that this prophetic blessing found its fulfillment when Jerusalem fell and Edom got its revenge. The oracle makes Edom subservient to Israel and suggests the Edomites would live away from the best land and be forced to sustain themselves by violent measures.
5 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Isaac) is specified in the translation for clarity.
6 tn The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”) here introduces a logically foundational statement, upon which the coming instruction will be based.
7 tn Heb “I do not know the day of my death.”
8 tn In v. 13 the ground (הָאֲדָמָה, ha’adamah) is dry; now the earth (הָאָרֶץ, ha’arets) is dry.
9 sn Psalm 60. The psalmist grieves over Israel’s humiliation, but in response to God’s assuring word, he asks for divine help in battle and expresses his confidence in victory.
10 tn The Hebrew expression means “lily of the testimony.” It may refer to a particular music style or to a tune title.
11 tn The precise meaning of the Hebrew word מִכְתָּם (miktam), which also appears in the heading to Pss 16, 56-59, is uncertain. HALOT 582-83 s.v. defines it as “inscription.”
12 tn Heb “to teach.”
13 tn In Josh 8:21 and Judg 20:48 the two verbs “turn back” and “strike down” are also juxtaposed. There they refer to a military counter-attack.
14 tn Heb “12,000 of Edom.” Perhaps one should read אֲרַם (’aram, “Aram”) here rather than אֱדוֹם (’edom, “Edom”).
15 sn The heading apparently refers to the military campaign recorded in 2 Sam 10 and 1 Chr 19.
16 sn You have rejected us. See Pss 43:2; 44:9, 23.
17 tn Heb “you broke out upon us, you were angry.”
18 tn The imperfect verbal form here expresses the psalmist’s wish or prayer.
19 sn The metaphor of the washbasin, used to rinse one’s hands and feet, suggests that Moab, in contrast to Israel’s elevated position (vv. 6-7), would be reduced to the status of a servant.
20 tn Heb “over Edom I will throw my sandal.” The point of the metaphor is not entirely clear. Some interpret this as idiomatic for “taking possession of,” i.e., “I will take possession of Edom.” Others translate עַל (’al) as “to” and understand this as referring to a master throwing his dirty sandal to a servant so that the latter might dust it off.
21 tc Heb “over me, O Philistia, shout in triumph.” The translation follows the text of Ps 108:9. When the initial עֲלֵיוֹ (’aleyo, “over”) was misread as עָלַי (’alay, “over me”), the first person verb form was probably altered to an imperative to provide better sense to the line.
22 sn In v. 9 the psalmist speaks again and acknowledges his need for help in battle. He hopes God will volunteer, based on the affirmation of sovereignty over Edom in v. 8, but he is also aware that God has seemingly rejected the nation (v. 10, see also v. 1).
23 tn Heb “and futile [is] the deliverance of man.”
24 tn Heb “in God we will accomplish strength.” The statement refers here to military success (see Num 24:18; 1 Sam 14:48; Pss 108:13; 118:15-16).
25 sn Trample down. On this expression see Ps 44:5.
26 tn The words “he says” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The Lord speaks at this point.
27 tn Heb “indeed [or “for”] my sword is drenched in the heavens.” The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa has תראה (“[my sword] appeared [in the heavens]”), but this is apparently an attempt to make sense out of a difficult metaphor. Cf. NIV “My sword has drunk its fill in the heavens.”
28 sn Edom is mentioned here as epitomizing the hostile nations that oppose God.
29 sn Edom is here an archetype for the Lord’s enemies. See 34:5.
30 tn Heb “[in] bright red garments, from Bozrah.”
31 tn The interrogative particle is understood by ellipsis; note the first line of the verse.
32 tn Heb “honored in his clothing”; KJV, ASV “glorious in his apparel.”
33 tc The Hebrew text has צָעָה (tsa’ah), which means “stoop, bend” (51:14). The translation assumes an emendation to צָעַד (tsa’ad, “march”; see BDB 858 s.v. צָעָה).
34 tn Heb “I, [the one] speaking in vindication [or “righteousness”], great to deliver.”
35 sn They probably refers to the Israelites or to the Davidic rulers of the future.
36 tn Heb “take possession of the remnant of Edom”; NASB, NIV, NRSV “possess the remnant of Edom.”
37 tn Heb “nations over whom my name is proclaimed.” The Hebrew idiom indicates ownership, sometimes as a result of conquest. See 2 Sam 12:28.