Genesis 28:18

28:18 Early ¹  in the morning Jacob ²  took the stone he had placed near his head ³  and set it up as a sacred stone. ⁴  Then he poured oil on top of it.

Genesis 28:22

28:22 Then this stone ⁵  that I have set up as a sacred stone will be the house of God, and I will surely ⁶  give you back a tenth of everything you give me.” ⁷ 

Genesis 31:45

31:45 So Jacob took a stone and set it up as a memorial pillar.

Joshua 24:27

24:27 Joshua said to all the people, “Look, this stone will be a witness against you, for it has heard everything the Lord said to us. ⁸  It will be a witness against you if ⁹  you deny your God.”

Galatians 2:9

2:9 and when James, Cephas, ¹⁰  and John, who had a reputation as ¹¹  pillars, ¹²  recognized ¹³  the grace that had been given to me, they gave to Barnabas and me ¹⁴  the right hand of fellowship, agreeing ¹⁵  that we would go to the Gentiles and they to the circumcised. ¹⁶ 

¹ tn Heb “and he got up early…and he took.”

² tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jacob) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn See the note on this phrase in v. 11.

⁴ tn Heb “standing stone.”

⁵ tn The disjunctive clause structure (conjunction + noun/subject) is used to highlight the statement.

⁶ tn The infinitive absolute is used before the finite verb for emphasis.

⁷ tn Heb “and all which you give to me I will surely give a tenth of it to you.” The disjunctive clause structure (conjunction + noun/object) highlights this statement as well.

⁸ tn Heb “all the words of the Lord which he spoke with us.”

⁹ tn Or “lest,” “so that you might not.”

¹⁰ sn Cephas. This individual is generally identified with the Apostle Peter (L&N 93.211).

¹¹ tn Or “who were influential as,” or “who were reputed to be.” See also the note on the word “influential” in 2:6.

¹² sn Pillars is figurative here for those like James, Peter, and John who were leaders in the Jerusalem church.

¹³ tn The participle γνόντες (gnontes) has been taken temporally. It is structurally parallel to the participle translated “when they saw” in v. 7.

¹⁴ tn Grk “me and Barnabas.”

¹⁵ tn Grk “so,” with the ἵνα (Jina) indicating the result of the “pillars” extending the “right hand of fellowship,” but the translation “they gave…the right hand of fellowship so that we would go” could be misunderstood as purpose here. The implication of the scene is that an agreement, outlined at the end of v. 10, was reached between Paul and Barnabas on the one hand and the “pillars” of the Jerusalem church on the other.

¹⁶ tn Grk “to the circumcision,” a collective reference to the Jewish people.