Genesis 31:48

31:48 Laban said, “This pile of stones is a witness of our agreement ¹  today.” That is why it was called Galeed.

Genesis 31:52

31:52 “This pile of stones and the pillar are reminders that I will not pass beyond this pile to come to harm you and that you will not pass beyond this pile and this pillar to come to harm me. ² 

Joshua 24:27

24:27 Joshua said to all the people, “Look, this stone will be a witness against you, for it has heard everything the Lord said to us. ³  It will be a witness against you if ⁴  you deny your God.”

Job 16:8

16:8 You have seized me, ⁵ 

and it ⁶  has become a witness;

my leanness ⁷  has risen up against me

and testifies against me.

¹ tn Heb “a witness between me and you.”

² tn Heb “This pile is a witness and the pillar is a witness, if I go past this pile to you and if you go past this pile and this pillar to me for harm.”

³ tn Heb “all the words of the Lord which he spoke with us.”

⁴ tn Or “lest,” “so that you might not.”

⁵ tn The verb is קָמַט (qamat) which is used only here and in 22:16; it means “to seize; to grasp.” By God’s seizing him, Job means his afflictions.

⁶ tn The subject is “my calamity.”

⁷ tn The verb is used in Ps 109:24 to mean “to be lean”; and so “leanness” is accepted here for the noun by most. Otherwise the word is “lie, deceit.” Accordingly, some take it here as “my slanderer” or “my liar” (gives evidence against me).