Genesis 41:40-44

41:40 You will oversee my household, and all my people will submit to your commands. ¹  Only I, the king, will be greater than you. ² 

41:41 “See here,” Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I place ³  you in authority over all the land of Egypt.” ⁴  41:42 Then Pharaoh took his signet ring from his own hand and put it on Joseph’s. He clothed him with fine linen ⁵  clothes and put a gold chain around his neck. 41:43 Pharaoh ⁶  had him ride in the chariot used by his second-in-command, ⁷  and they cried out before him, “Kneel down!” ⁸  So he placed him over all the land of Egypt. 41:44 Pharaoh also said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh, but without your permission ⁹  no one ¹⁰  will move his hand or his foot ¹¹  in all the land of Egypt.”

Genesis 41:55

41:55 When all the land of Egypt experienced the famine, the people cried out to Pharaoh for food. Pharaoh said to all the people of Egypt, ¹²  “Go to Joseph and do whatever he tells you.”

Genesis 45:8

45:8 So now, it is not you who sent me here, but God. He has made me an adviser ¹³  to Pharaoh, lord over all his household, and ruler over all the land of Egypt.

Genesis 45:26

45:26 They told him, “Joseph is still alive and he is ruler over all the land of Egypt!” Jacob was stunned, ¹⁴  for he did not believe them.

¹ tn Heb “and at your mouth (i.e., instructions) all my people will kiss.” G. J. Wenham translates this “shall kowtow to your instruction” (Genesis [WBC], 2:395). Although there is some textual support for reading “will be judged, ruled by you,” this is probably an attempt to capture the significance of this word. Wenham lists a number of references where individuals have tried to make connections with other words or expressions – such as a root meaning “order themselves” lying behind “kiss,” or an idiomatic idea of “kiss” meaning “seal the mouth,” and so “be silent and submit to.” See K. A. Kitchen, “The Term Nsq in Genesis 41:40,” ExpTim 69 (1957): 30; D. S. Sperling, “Genesis 41:40: A New Interpretation,” JANESCU 10 (1978): 113-19.

² tn Heb “only the throne, I will be greater than you.”

³ tn The translation assumes that the perfect verbal form is descriptive of a present action. Another option is to understand it as rhetorical, in which case Pharaoh describes a still future action as if it had already occurred in order to emphasize its certainty. In this case one could translate “I have placed” or “I will place.” The verb נָתַן (natan) is translated here as “to place in authority [over].”

⁴ sn Joseph became the grand vizier of the land of Egypt. See W. A. Ward, “The Egyptian Office of Joseph,” JSS 5 (1960): 144-50; and R. de Vaux, Ancient Israel, 129-31.

⁵ tn The Hebrew word שֵׁשׁ (shesh) is an Egyptian loanword that describes the fine linen robes that Egyptian royalty wore. The clothing signified Joseph’s rank.

⁶ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Pharaoh) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁷ tn Heb “and he caused him to ride in the second chariot which was his.”

⁸ tn The verb form appears to be a causative imperative from a verbal root meaning “to kneel.” It is a homonym of the word “bless” (identical in root letters but not related etymologically).

⁹ tn Heb “apart from you.”

¹⁰ tn Heb “no man,” but here “man” is generic, referring to people in general.

¹¹ tn The idiom “lift up hand or foot” means “take any action” here.

¹² tn Heb “to all Egypt.” The name of the country is used by metonymy for the inhabitants.

¹³ tn Heb “a father.” The term is used here figuratively of one who gives advice, as a father would to his children.

¹⁴ tn Heb “and his heart was numb.” Jacob was stunned by the unbelievable news and was unable to respond.