Genesis 1:8

1:8 God called the expanse “sky.” ¹  There was evening, and there was morning, a second day.

Genesis 1:15

1:15 and let them serve as lights in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth.” It was so.

Genesis 14:19

14:19 He blessed Abram, saying,

“Blessed be Abram by ²  the Most High God,

Creator ³  of heaven and earth. ⁴ 

Genesis 19:24

19:24 Then the Lord rained down ⁵  sulfur and fire ⁶  on Sodom and Gomorrah. It was sent down from the sky by the Lord. ⁷ 

Genesis 22:11

22:11 But the Lord’s angel ⁸  called to him from heaven, “Abraham! Abraham!” “Here I am!” he answered.

Genesis 27:28

27:28 May God give you

the dew of the sky ⁹ 

and the richness ¹⁰  of the earth,

and plenty of grain and new wine.

¹ tn Though the Hebrew word can mean “heaven,” it refers in this context to “the sky.”

² tn The preposition לְ (lamed) introduces the agent after the passive participle.

³ tn Some translate “possessor of heaven and earth” (cf. NASB). But cognate evidence from Ugaritic indicates that there were two homonymic roots ָקנָה (qanah), one meaning “to create” (as in Gen 4:1) and the other “to obtain, to acquire, to possess.” While “possessor” would fit here, “creator” is the more likely due to the collocation with “heaven and earth.”

⁴ tn The terms translated “heaven” and “earth” are both objective genitives after the participle in construct.

³ tn The disjunctive clause signals the beginning of the next scene and highlights God’s action.

⁴ tn Or “burning sulfur” (the traditional “fire and brimstone”).

⁵ tn Heb “from the Lord from the heavens.” The words “It was sent down” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

⁴ sn Heb “the messenger of the Lord” (also in v. 15). Some identify the angel of the Lord as the preincarnate Christ because in some texts the angel is identified with the Lord himself. However, see the note on the phrase “the Lord’s angel” in Gen 16:7.

⁵ tn Heb “and from the dew of the sky.”

⁶ tn Heb “and from the fatness.”