Genesis 16:3

16:3 So after Abram had lived ¹  in Canaan for ten years, Sarai, Abram’s wife, gave Hagar, her Egyptian servant, ²  to her husband to be his wife. ³ 

Genesis 21:10

21:10 So she said to Abraham, “Banish ⁴  that slave woman and her son, for the son of that slave woman will not be an heir along with my son Isaac!”

Genesis 22:24

22:24 His concubine, whose name was Reumah, also bore him children – Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah.

Genesis 25:1

The Death of Abraham

25:1 Abraham had taken ⁵  another ⁶  wife, named Keturah.

Genesis 25:6

25:6 But while he was still alive, Abraham gave gifts to the sons of his concubines ⁷  and sent them off to the east, away from his son Isaac. ⁸ 

Genesis 33:2

33:2 He put the servants and their children in front, with Leah and her children behind them, and Rachel and Joseph behind them. ⁹ 

Genesis 35:22

35:22 While Israel was living in that land, Reuben had sexual relations with ¹⁰  Bilhah, his father’s concubine, and Israel heard about it.

Jacob had twelve sons:

Genesis 35:2

35:2 So Jacob told his household and all who were with him, “Get rid of the foreign gods you have among you. ¹¹  Purify yourselves and change your clothes. ¹² 

Genesis 12:11

12:11 As he approached ¹³  Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, “Look, ¹⁴  I know that you are a beautiful woman. ¹⁵ 

¹ tn Heb “at the end of ten years, to live, Abram.” The prepositional phrase introduces the temporal clause, the infinitive construct serves as the verb, and the name “Abram” is the subject.

² tn Heb “the Egyptian, her female servant.”

³ sn To be his wife. Hagar became a slave wife, not on equal standing with Sarai. However, if Hagar produced the heir, she would be the primary wife in the eyes of society. When this eventually happened, Hagar become insolent, prompting Sarai’s anger.

⁴ tn Heb “drive out.” The language may seem severe, but Sarah’s maternal instincts sensed a real danger in that Ishmael was not treating Isaac with the proper respect.

⁵ tn Or “took.”

⁶ tn Heb “And Abraham added and took.”

⁷ tn Heb “the sons of the concubines who [belonged] to Abraham.”

⁸ tn Heb “And he sent them away from upon Isaac his son, while he was still living, eastward to the land of the east.”

⁹ sn This kind of ranking according to favoritism no doubt fed the jealousy over Joseph that later becomes an important element in the narrative. It must have been painful to the family to see that they were expendable.

¹⁰ tn Heb “and Reuben went and lay with.” The expression “lay with” is a euphemism for having sexual intercourse.

¹¹ tn Heb “which are in your midst.”

¹² sn The actions of removing false gods, becoming ritually clean, and changing garments would become necessary steps in Israel when approaching the Lord in worship.

¹³ tn Heb “drew near to enter.”

¹⁴ tn The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”) is deictic here; it draws attention to the following fact.

¹⁵ tn Heb “a woman beautiful of appearance are you.”