Genesis 16:9

16:9 Then the Lord’s angel said to her, “Return to your mistress and submit ¹  to her authority.

Genesis 15:13

15:13 Then the Lord said to Abram, “Know for certain ²  that your descendants will be strangers ³  in a foreign country. ⁴  They will be enslaved and oppressed ⁵  for four hundred years.

Genesis 16:6

16:6 Abram said to Sarai, “Since your ⁶  servant is under your authority, ⁷  do to her whatever you think best.” ⁸  Then Sarai treated Hagar ⁹  harshly, ¹⁰  so she ran away from Sarai. ¹¹ 

Genesis 31:50

31:50 If you mistreat my daughters or if you take wives besides my daughters, although no one else is with us, realize ¹²  that God is witness to your actions.” ¹³ 

Genesis 34:2

34:2 When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, who ruled that area, saw her, he grabbed her, forced himself on her, ¹⁴  and sexually assaulted her. ¹⁵ 

¹ tn The imperative וְהִתְעַנִּי (vÿhit’anni) is the Hitpael of עָנָה (’anah, here translated “submit”), the same word used for Sarai’s harsh treatment of her. Hagar is instructed not only to submit to Sarai’s authority, but to whatever mistreatment that involves. God calls for Hagar to humble herself.

² tn The Hebrew construction is emphatic, with the Qal infinitive absolute followed by the imperfect from יָדַע (yada’, “know”). The imperfect here has an obligatory or imperatival force.

³ tn The Hebrew word גֵּר (ger, “sojourner, stranger”) is related to the verb גּוּר (gur, “to sojourn, to stay for awhile”). Abram’s descendants will stay in a land as resident aliens without rights of citizenship.

⁴ tn Heb “in a land not theirs.”

⁵ tn Heb “and they will serve them and they will oppress them.” The verb עִנּוּ, (’innu, a Piel form from עָנָה, ’anah, “to afflict, to oppress, to treat harshly”), is used in Exod 1:11 to describe the oppression of the Israelites in Egypt.

³ tn The clause is introduced with the particle הִנֵּה (hinneh), introducing a foundational clause for the coming imperative: “since…do.”

⁴ tn Heb “in your hand.”

⁵ tn Heb “what is good in your eyes.”

⁶ tn Heb “her”; the referent (Hagar) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁷ tn In the Piel stem the verb עָנָה (’anah) means “to afflict, to oppress, to treat harshly, to mistreat.”

⁸ tn Heb “and she fled from her presence.” The referent of “her” (Sarai) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁴ tn Heb “see.”

⁵ tn Heb “between me and you.”

⁵ tn Heb “and he took her and lay with her.” The suffixed form following the verb appears to be the sign of the accusative instead of the preposition, but see BDB 1012 s.v. שָׁכַב.

⁶ tn The verb עָנָה (’anah) in the Piel stem can have various shades of meaning, depending on the context: “to defile; to mistreat; to violate; to rape; to shame; to afflict.” Here it means that Shechem violated or humiliated Dinah by raping her.