17:23 Abraham took his son Ishmael and every male in his household (whether born in his house or bought with money) 1 and circumcised them 2 on that very same day, just as God had told him to do.
12:48 “When a foreigner lives 3 with you and wants to observe the Passover to the Lord, all his males must be circumcised, 4 and then he may approach and observe it, and he will be like one who is born in the land 5 – but no uncircumcised person may eat of it. 12:49 The same law will apply 6 to the person who is native-born and to the foreigner who lives among you.”
1 tn Heb “Ishmael his son and all born in his house and all bought with money, every male among the men of the house of Abraham.”
2 tn Heb “circumcised the flesh of their foreskin.” The Hebrew expression is somewhat pleonastic and has been simplified in the translation.
3 tn Both the participle “foreigner” and the verb “lives” are from the verb גּוּר (gur), which means “to sojourn, to dwell as an alien.” This reference is to a foreigner who settles in the land. He is the protected foreigner; when he comes to another area where he does not have his clan to protect him, he must come under the protection of the Law, or the people. If the “resident alien” is circumcised, he may participate in the Passover (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 104).
4 tn The infinitive absolute functions as the finite verb here, and “every male” could be either the object or the subject (see GKC 347 §113.gg and 387 §121.a).
5 tn אֶזְרָח (’ezrakh) refers to the native-born individual, the native Israelite as opposed to the “stranger, alien” (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 104); see also W. F. Albright, Archaeology and the Religion of Israel, 127, 210.
6 tn Heb “one law will be to.”