Genesis 32:3

32:3 Jacob sent messengers on ahead ¹  to his brother Esau in the land of Seir, the region ²  of Edom.

Deuteronomy 2:1

The Journey from Kadesh Barnea to Moab

2:1 Then we turned and set out toward the desert land on the way to the Red Sea ³  just as the Lord told me to do, detouring around Mount Seir for a long time.

Jude 1:4

1:4 For certain men ⁴  have secretly slipped in among you ⁵  – men who long ago ⁶  were marked out ⁷  for the condemnation I am about to describe ⁸  – ungodly men who have turned the grace of our God into a license for evil ⁹  and who deny our only Master ¹⁰  and Lord, ¹¹  Jesus Christ.

Jude 1:2

1:2 May mercy, peace, and love be lavished on you! ¹² 

Jude 1:10

1:10 But these men do not understand the things they slander, and they are being destroyed by the very things that, like irrational animals, they instinctively comprehend. ¹³ 

Ezekiel 25:8

A Prophecy Against Moab

25:8 “This is what the sovereign Lord says: ‘Moab ¹⁴  and Seir say, “Look, the house of Judah is like all the other nations.”

Ezekiel 35:2-3

35:2 “Son of man, turn toward ¹⁵  Mount Seir, ¹⁶  and prophesy against it. 35:3 Say to it, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:

“‘Look, I am against you, Mount Seir;

I will stretch out my hand against you

and turn you into a desolate ruin.

¹ tn Heb “before him.”

² tn Heb “field.”

³ tn Heb “Reed Sea.” See note on the term “Red Sea” in Deut 1:40.

⁴ tn Grk “people.” However, if Jude is indeed arguing that Peter’s prophecy about false teachers has come true, these are most likely men in the original historical and cultural setting. See discussion of this point in the note on the phrase “these men” in 2 Pet 2:12.

⁵ tn “Among you” is not in the Greek text, but is obviously implied.

⁶ tn Or “in the past.” The adverb πάλαι (palai) can refer to either, though the meaning “long ago” is more common.

⁷ tn Grk “written about.”

⁸ tn Grk “for this condemnation.” τοῦτο (touto) is almost surely a kataphoric demonstrative pronoun, pointing to what follows in vv. 5-18. Otherwise, the condemnation is only implied (in v. 3b) or is merely a statement of their sinfulness (“ungodly” in v. 4b), not a judgment of it.

⁹ tn Grk “debauchery.” This is the same word Peter uses to predict what the false teachers will be like (2 Pet 2:2, 7, 18).

¹⁰ tc Most later witnesses (P Ψ Ï sy) have θεόν (qeon, “God”) after δεσπότην (despothn, “master”), which appears to be a motivated reading in that it explicitly links “Master” to “God” in keeping with the normal NT pattern (see Luke 2:29; Acts 4:24; 2 Tim 2:21; Rev 6:10). In patristic Greek, δεσπότης (despoth") was used especially of God (cf. BDAG 220 s.v. 1.b.). The earlier and better witnesses (Ì^72,78 א A B C 0251 33 81 323 1241 1739 al co) lack θεόν; the shorter reading is thus preferred on both internal and external grounds.

¹¹ tn The terms “Master and Lord” both refer to the same person. The construction in Greek is known as the Granville Sharp rule, named after the English philanthropist-linguist who first clearly articulated the rule in 1798. Sharp pointed out that in the construction article-noun-καί-noun (where καί [kai] = “and”), when two nouns are singular, personal, and common (i.e., not proper names), they always had the same referent. Illustrations such as “the friend and brother,” “the God and Father,” etc. abound in the NT to prove Sharp’s point. For more discussion see ExSyn 270-78. See also Titus 2:13 and 2 Pet 1:1

¹² tn Grk “may mercy and peace and love be multiplied to you.”

¹³ tn Or “they should naturally comprehend.” The present tense in this context may have a conative force.

¹⁴ sn Moab was located immediately south of Ammon.

¹⁵ tn Heb “set your face against.”

¹⁶ sn Mount Seir is to be identified with Edom (Ezek 35:15), home of Esau’s descendants (Gen 25:21-30).