Hebrews 1:2

1:2 in these last days he has spoken to us in a son, ¹  whom he appointed heir of all things, and through whom he created the world. ² 

Hebrews 1:6-14

1:6 But when he again brings ³  his firstborn into the world, he says, “Let all the angels of God worship him!” ⁴  1:7 And he says ⁵  of the angels, “He makes ⁶  his angels spirits and his ministers a flame of fire,” ⁷  1:8 but of ⁸  the Son he says, ⁹ 

“Your throne, O God, is forever and ever, ¹⁰ 

and a righteous scepter ¹¹  is the scepter of your kingdom.

1:9 You have loved righteousness and hated lawlessness.

So God, your God, has anointed you over your companions ¹²  with the oil of rejoicing.” ¹³ 

1:10 And,

“You founded the earth in the beginning, Lord, ¹⁴ 

and the heavens are the works of your hands.

1:11 They will perish, but you continue.

And they will all grow old like a garment,

1:12 and like a robe you will fold them up

and like a garment ¹⁵  they will be changed,

but you are the same and your years will never run out.” ¹⁶ 

1:13 But to which of the angels ¹⁷  has he ever said, “Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet”? ¹⁸  1:14 Are they not all ministering spirits, sent out to serve those ¹⁹  who will inherit salvation?

¹ tn The Greek puts an emphasis on the quality of God’s final revelation. As such, it is more than an indefinite notion (“a son”) though less than a definite one (“the son”), for this final revelation is not just through any son of God, nor is the emphasis specifically on the person himself. Rather, the focus here is on the nature of the vehicle of God’s revelation: He is no mere spokesman (or prophet) for God, nor is he merely a heavenly messenger (or angel); instead, this final revelation comes through one who is intimately acquainted with the heavenly Father in a way that only a family member could be. There is, however, no exact equivalent in English (“in son” is hardly good English style).

² tn Grk “the ages.” The temporal (ages) came to be used of the spatial (what exists in those time periods). See Heb 11:3 for the same usage.

³ tn Or “And again when he brings.” The translation adopted in the text looks forward to Christ’s second coming to earth. Some take “again” to introduce the quotation (as in 1:5) and understand this as Christ’s first coming, but this view does not fit well with Heb 2:7. Others understand it as his exaltation/ascension to heaven, but this takes the phrase “into the world” in an unlikely way.

⁴ sn A quotation combining themes from Deut 32:43 and Ps 97:7.

⁵ sn The Greek correlative conjunctions μέν and δέ (men and de) emphasize the contrastive parallelism of vs. 7 (what God says about the angels) over against vv. 8-9 and vv. 10-12 (what God says about the son).

⁶ tn Grk “He who makes.”

⁷ sn A quotation from Ps 104:4.

⁸ tn Or “to.”

⁹ tn The verb “he says” (λέγει, legei) is implied from the λέγει of v. 7.

¹⁰ tn Or possibly, “Your throne is God forever and ever.” This translation is quite doubtful, however, since (1) in the context the Son is being contrasted to the angels and is presented as far better than they. The imagery of God being the Son’s throne would seem to be of God being his authority. If so, in what sense could this not be said of the angels? In what sense is the Son thus contrasted with the angels? (2) The μέν…δέ (men…de) construction that connects v. 7 with v. 8 clearly lays out this contrast: “On the one hand, he says of the angels…on the other hand, he says of the Son.” Thus, although it is grammatically possible that θεός (qeos) in v. 8 should be taken as a predicate nominative, the context and the correlative conjunctions are decidedly against it. Hebrews 1:8 is thus a strong affirmation of the deity of Christ.

¹¹ tn Grk “the righteous scepter,” but used generically.

¹² sn God…has anointed you over your companions. God’s anointing gives the son a superior position and authority over his fellows.

¹³ sn A quotation from Ps 45:6-7.

¹⁴ sn You founded the earth…your years will never run out. In its original setting Ps 102:25-27 refers to the work of God in creation, but here in Hebrews 1:10-12 the writer employs it in reference to Christ, the Lord, making a strong argument for the essential deity of the Son.

¹⁵ tc The words “like a garment” (ὡς ἱμάτιον, Jw" Jimation) are found in excellent and early mss (Ì⁴⁶ א A B D* 1739) though absent in a majority of witnesses (D¹ Ψ 0243 0278 33 1881 Ï lat sy bo). Although it is possible that longer reading was produced by overzealous scribes who wanted to underscore the frailty of creation, it is much more likely that the shorter reading was produced by scribes who wanted to conform the wording to that of Ps 102:26 (101:27 LXX), which here lacks the second “like a garment.” Both external and internal considerations decidedly favor the longer reading, and point to the author of Hebrews as the one underscoring the difference between the Son and creation.

¹⁶ sn A quotation from Ps 102:25-27.

¹⁷ sn The parallel phrases to which of the angels in vv. 5 and 13 show the unity of this series of quotations (vv. 5-14) in revealing the superiority of the Son over angels (v. 4).

¹⁸ sn A quotation from Ps 110:1.

¹⁹ tn Grk “sent for service for the sake of those.”