Hebrews 2:10

2:10 For it was fitting for him, for whom and through whom all things exist, ¹  in bringing many sons to glory, to make the pioneer ²  of their salvation perfect through sufferings.

Hebrews 5:9

5:9 And by being perfected in this way, he became the source of eternal salvation to all who obey him,

Luke 13:32

13:32 But ³  he said to them, “Go ⁴  and tell that fox, ⁵  ‘Look, I am casting out demons and performing healings today and tomorrow, and on the third day ⁶  I will complete my work. ⁷ 

John 19:30

19:30 When ⁸  he had received the sour wine, Jesus said, “It is completed!” ⁹  Then he bowed his head and gave up his spirit. ¹⁰ 

¹ tn Grk “for whom are all things and through whom are all things.”

² sn The Greek word translated pioneer is used of a “prince” or leader, the representative head of a family. It also carries nuances of “trailblazer,” one who breaks through to new ground for those who follow him. It is used some thirty-five times in the Greek OT and four times in the NT, always of Christ (Acts 3:15; 5:31; Heb 2:10; 12:2).

³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

⁴ tn The participle πορευθέντες (poreuqente") has been taken as indicating attendant circumstance.

⁵ sn That fox. This is not fundamentally a figure for cleverness as in modern western culture, but could indicate (1) an insignificant person (Neh 4:3; 2 Esd 13:35 LXX); (2) a deceiver (Song Rabbah 2.15.1 on 2:15); or someone destructive, a destroyer (Ezek 13:4; Lam 5:18; 1 En. 89:10, 42-49, 55). Luke’s emphasis seems to be on destructiveness, since Herod killed John the Baptist, whom Luke calls “the greatest born of women” (Luke 7:28) and later stands opposed to Jesus (Acts 4:26-28). In addition, “a person who is designated a fox is an insignificant or base person. He lacks real power and dignity, using cunning deceit to achieve his aims” (H. W. Hoehner, Herod Antipas [SNTSMS], 347).

⁶ sn The third day is a figurative reference to being further on in time, not a reference to three days from now. Jesus is not even in Jerusalem yet, and the events of the last days in Jerusalem take a good week.

⁷ tn Or “I reach my goal.” The verb τελειόω (teleiow) is a key NT term for the completion of God’s plan: See Luke 12:50; 22:37; John 19:30; and (where it has the additional component of meaning “to perfect”) Heb 2:10; 5:8-9; 7:28.

⁸ tn Grk “Then when.” Here οὖν (oun) has not been translated for stylistic reasons.

⁹ tn Or “It is accomplished,” “It is finished,” or “It is ended.” See tn on John 13:1.

¹⁰ tn Or “he bowed his head and died”; Grk “he bowed his head and gave over the spirit.”