2:3 Otherwise, I will strip her naked,
and expose her like she was when she was born.
I will turn her land into a wilderness
and make her country a parched land,
so that I might kill 1 her with thirst.
3:17 So 2 the sovereign master 3 will afflict the foreheads of Zion’s women 4 with skin diseases, 5
the Lord will make the front of their heads bald.” 6
13:22 You will probably ask yourself, 7
‘Why have these things happened to me?
Why have I been treated like a disgraced adulteress
whose skirt has been torn off and her limbs exposed?’ 8
It is because you have sinned so much. 9
13:26 So I will pull your skirt up over your face
and expose you to shame like a disgraced adulteress! 10
12:1 Meanwhile, 20 when many thousands of the crowd had gathered so that they were trampling on one another, Jesus 21 began to speak first to his disciples, “Be on your guard against 22 the yeast of the Pharisees, 23 which is hypocrisy. 24
1 tn Heb “and kill her with thirst.” The vav prefixed to the verb (וַהֲמִתִּיהָ, vahamittiha) introduces a purpose/result clause: “in order to make her die of thirst” (purpose) or “and thus make her die of thirst” (result).
2 tn In the Hebrew text vv. 16-17 and one long sentence, “Because the daughters of Zion are proud and walk…, the sovereign master will afflict….” In v. 17 the Lord refers to himself in the third person.
3 tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here and in v. 18 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).
4 tn Heb “the daughters of Zion.”
5 tn Or “a scab” (KJV, ASV); NIV, NCV, CEV “sores.”
6 tn The precise meaning of this line is unclear because of the presence of the rare word פֹּת (pot). Since the verb in the line means “lay bare, make naked,” some take פֹּת as a reference to the genitals (cf. KJV, ASV, NRSV, CEV). (In 1 Kgs 7:50 a noun פֹּת appears, with the apparent meaning “socket.”) J. N. Oswalt (Isaiah [NICOT], 1:139, n. 2), basing his argument on alleged Akkadian evidence and the parallelism of the verse, takes פֹּת as “forehead.”
7 tn Heb “say in your heart.”
8 tn Heb “Your skirt has been uncovered and your heels have been treated with violence.” This is the generally accepted interpretation of these phrases. See, e.g., BDB 784 s.v. עָקֵב a and HALOT 329 s.v. I חָמַס Nif. The significance of the actions here are part of the metaphor (i.e., personification) of Jerusalem as an adulteress having left her husband and have been explained in the translation for the sake of readers unfamiliar with the metaphor.
9 tn The translation has been restructured to break up a long sentence involving a conditional clause and an elliptical consequential clause. It has also been restructured to define more clearly what “these things” are. The Hebrew text reads: “And if you say, ‘Why have these things happened to me?’ Because of the greatness of your iniquity your skirts [= what your skirt covers] have been uncovered and your heels have been treated with violence.”
10 tn Heb “over your face and your shame will be seen.” The words “like a disgraced adulteress” are not in the text but are supplied in the translation to explain the metaphor. See the notes on 13:22.
11 tn The Hebrew word occurs only here in the OT.
12 tn The Hebrew term means “labor,” but by extension it can also refer to that for which one works.
13 tn Heb “The nakedness of your prostitution will be exposed, and your obscene conduct and your harlotry.”
14 tn Or “concealed.”
15 sn I.e., be revealed by God. The passive voice verbs here (“be revealed,” be made known”) see the revelation as coming from God. The text is both a warning about bad things being revealed and an encouragement that good things will be made known, though the stress with the images of darkness and what is hidden in vv. 2-3 is on the attempt to conceal.
16 tn Or “because.” Understanding this verse as a result of v. 2 is a slightly better reading of the context. Knowing what is coming should impact our behavior now.
17 tn Grk “spoken in the ear,” an idiom. The contemporary expression is “whispered.”
18 sn The term translated private rooms refers to the inner room of a house, normally without any windows opening outside, the most private location possible (BDAG 988 s.v. ταμεῖον 2).
19 tn The expression “proclaimed from the housetops” is an idiom for proclaiming something publicly (L&N 7.51). Roofs of many first century Jewish houses in Judea and Galilee were flat and had access either from outside or from within the house. Something shouted from atop a house would be heard by everyone in the street below.
20 tn The phrase ἐν οἷς (en Jois) can be translated “meanwhile.”
21 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
22 tn According to L&N 27.59, “to pay attention to, to keep on the lookout for, to be alert for, to be on your guard against.” This is another Lukan present imperative calling for constant vigilance.
23 sn See the note on Pharisees in 5:17.
24 sn The pursuit of popularity can lead to hypocrisy, if one is not careful.
25 tn Grk “walk.” The verb περιπατέω (peripatew) is a common NT idiom for one’s lifestyle, behavior, or manner of conduct (L&N 41.11).