Isaiah 22:6

22:6 The Elamites picked up the quiver,

and came with chariots and horsemen;

the men of Kir prepared the shield.

Isaiah 21:2

21:2 I have received a distressing message:

“The deceiver deceives,

the destroyer destroys.

Attack, you Elamites!

Lay siege, you Medes!

I will put an end to all the groaning!”

Isaiah 11:11

11:11 At that time the sovereign master will again lift his hand to reclaim 10  the remnant of his people 11  from Assyria, Egypt, Pathros, 12  Cush, 13  Elam, Shinar, 14  Hamath, and the seacoasts. 15 


tn Heb “[with] the chariots of men, horsemen.”

sn A distant region in the direction of Mesopotamia; see Amos 1:5; 9:7.

tn Heb “Kir uncovers” (so NAB, NIV).

sn The Elamites and men of Kir may here symbolize a fierce army from a distant land. If this oracle anticipates a Babylonian conquest of the city (see 39:5-7), then the Elamites and men of Kir are perhaps viewed here as mercenaries in the Babylonian army. See J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:410.

tn Heb “a severe revelation has been related to me.”

sn This is often interpreted to mean “all the groaning” that Babylon has caused others.

tn Or “in that day” (KJV). The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

10 tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonai).

11 tc The Hebrew text reads, “the sovereign master will again, a second time, his hand.” The auxiliary verb יוֹסִיף (yosif), which literally means “add,” needs a main verb to complete it. Consequently many emend שֵׁנִית (shenit, “a second time”) to an infinitive. Some propose the form שַׁנֹּת (shannot, a Piel infinitive construct from שָׁנָה, shanah) and relate it semantically to an Arabic cognate meaning “to be high.” If the Hebrew text is retained a verb must be supplied. “Second time” would allude back to the events of the Exodus (see vv. 15-16).

12 tn Or “acquire”; KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV “recover.”

13 tn Heb “the remnant of his people who remain.”

14 sn Perhaps a reference to Upper (i.e., southern) Egypt (so NIV, NLT; NCV “South Egypt”).

15 tn Or “Ethiopia” (NAB, NRSV, NLT).

16 tn Or “Babylonia” (NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT).

17 tn Or perhaps, “the islands of the sea.”