28:17 I will make justice the measuring line,
fairness the plumb line;
hail will sweep away the unreliable refuge, 1
the floodwaters will overwhelm the hiding place.
30:1 “The rebellious 2 children are as good as dead,” 3 says the Lord,
“those who make plans without consulting me, 4
who form alliances without consulting my Spirit, 5
and thereby compound their sin. 6
30:2 They travel down to Egypt
without seeking my will, 7
seeking Pharaoh’s protection,
and looking for safety in Egypt’s protective shade. 8
30:3 But Pharaoh’s protection will bring you nothing but shame,
and the safety of Egypt’s protective shade nothing but humiliation.
30:4 Though his 9 officials are in Zoan
and his messengers arrive at Hanes, 10
30:5 all will be put to shame 11
because of a nation that cannot help them,
who cannot give them aid or help,
but only shame and disgrace.”
30:6 This is a message 12 about the animals in the Negev:
Through a land of distress and danger,
inhabited by lionesses and roaring lions, 13
by snakes and darting adders, 14
they transport 15 their wealth on the backs of donkeys,
their riches on the humps of camels,
to a nation that cannot help them. 16
30:7 Egypt is totally incapable of helping. 17
For this reason I call her
‘Proud one 18 who is silenced.’” 19
30:15 For this is what the master, the Lord, the Holy One of Israel says:
“If you repented and patiently waited for me, you would be delivered; 20
if you calmly trusted in me you would find strength, 21
but you are unwilling.
30:16 You say, ‘No, we will flee on horses,’
so you will indeed flee.
You say, ‘We will ride on fast horses,’
so your pursuers will be fast.
31:1 Those who go down to Egypt for help are as good as dead, 22
those who rely on war horses,
and trust in Egypt’s many chariots 23
and in their many, many horsemen. 24
But they do not rely on the Holy One of Israel 25
and do not seek help from the Lord.
31:2 Yet he too is wise 26 and he will bring disaster;
he does not retract his decree. 27
He will attack the wicked nation, 28
and the nation that helps 29 those who commit sin. 30
31:3 The Egyptians are mere humans, not God;
their horses are made of flesh, not spirit.
The Lord will strike with 31 his hand;
the one who helps will stumble
and the one being helped will fall.
Together they will perish. 32
6:20 They were distressed, 33
because each one had been 34 so confident;
they arrived there, 35 but were disappointed.
1 tn Heb “[the] refuge, [the] lie.” See v. 15.
2 tn Or “stubborn” (NCV); cf. NIV “obstinate.”
3 tn Heb “Woe [to] rebellious children.”
4 tn Heb “making a plan, but not from me.”
5 tn Heb “and pouring out a libation, but not [from] my spirit.” This translation assumes that the verb נָסַךְ (nasakh) means “pour out,” and that the cognate noun מַסֵּכָה (massekhah) means “libation.” In this case “pouring out a libation” alludes to a ceremony that formally ratifies an alliance. Another option is to understand the verb נָסַךְ as a homonym meaning “weave,” and the cognate noun מַסֵּכָה as a homonym meaning “covering.” In this case forming an alliance is likened to weaving a garment.
6 tn Heb “consequently adding sin to sin.”
7 tn Heb “those who go to descend to Egypt, but [of] my mouth they do not inquire.”
8 tn Heb “to seek protection in the protection of Pharaoh, and to seek refuge in the shade of Egypt.”
9 sn This probably refers to Judah’s officials and messengers.
10 sn Zoan was located in the Egyptian delta in the north; Hanes was located somewhere in southern region of lower Egypt, south of Memphis; the exact location is debated.
11 tn The present translation follows the marginal (Qere) reading of the Hebrew text; the consonantal text (Kethib) has “made to stink, decay.”
12 tn Traditionally, “burden” (so KJV, ASV); NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV “oracle.”
13 tc Heb “[a land of] a lioness and a lion, from them.” Some emend מֵהֶם (mehem, “from them”) to מֵהֵם (mehem), an otherwise unattested Hiphil participle from הָמַם (hamam, “move noisily”). Perhaps it would be better to take the initial mem (מ) as enclitic and emend the form to הֹמֶה (homeh), a Qal active participle from הָמָה (hamah, “to make a noise”); cf. J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:542, n. 9.
14 tn Heb “flying fiery one.” See the note at 14:29.
15 tn Or “carry” (KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).
16 sn This verse describes messengers from Judah transporting wealth to Egypt in order to buy Pharaoh’s protection through a treaty.
17 tn Heb “As for Egypt, with vanity and emptiness they help.”
18 tn Heb “Rahab” (רַהַב, rahav), which also appears as a name for Egypt in Ps 87:4. The epithet is also used in the OT for a mythical sea monster symbolic of chaos. See the note at 51:9. A number of English versions use the name “Rahab” (e.g., ASV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV) while others attempt some sort of translation (cf. CEV “a helpless monster”; TEV, NLT “the Harmless Dragon”).
19 tn The MT reads “Rahab, they, sitting.” The translation above assumes an emendation of הֵם שָׁבֶת (hem shavet) to הַמָּשְׁבָּת (hammashbat), a Hophal participle with prefixed definite article, meaning “the one who is made to cease,” i.e., “destroyed,” or “silenced.” See HALOT 444-45 s.v. ישׁב.
20 tn Heb “in returning and in quietness you will be delivered.” Many English versions render the last phrase “shall be saved” or something similar (e.g., NAB, NASB, NRSV).
21 tn Heb “in quietness and in trust is your strength” (NASB and NRSV both similar).
22 tn Heb “Woe [to] those who go down to Egypt for help.”
23 tn Heb “and trust in chariots for they are many.”
24 tn Heb “and in horsemen for they are very strong [or “numerous”].”
25 sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.
26 sn This statement appears to have a sarcastic tone. The royal advisers who are advocating an alliance with Egypt think they are wise, but the Lord possesses wisdom as well and will thwart their efforts.
27 tn Heb “and he does not turn aside [i.e., “retract”] his words”; NIV “does not take back his words.”
28 tn Heb “and he will arise against the house of the wicked.”
29 sn That is, Egypt.
30 tn Heb “and against the help of the doers of sin.”
31 tn Heb “will extend”; KJV, ASV, NASB, NCV “stretch out.”
32 tn Heb “together all of them will come to an end.”
33 tn The verb בּוֹשׁ (bosh) basically means “to be ashamed”; however, it has a wider range of meaning such as “disappointed” or “distressed.” The feeling of shame or distress is because of their confidence that they knew what they were doing. The verb is strengthened here with the parallel חָפַר (khafar, “to be confounded, disappointed”).
34 tn The perfect verb has the nuance of past perfect here, for their confidence preceded their disappointment. Note the contrast, using these verbs, in Ps 22:6: “they trusted in you and they were not put to shame [i.e., disappointed].”
35 tn The LXX misread the prepositional phrase as the noun “their cities”; it gives the line as “They too that trust in cities and riches shall come to shame.”