4:4 At that time 1 the sovereign master 2 will wash the excrement 3 from Zion’s women,
he will rinse the bloodstains from Jerusalem’s midst, 4
as he comes to judge
and to bring devastation. 5
1 tn Heb “when” (so KJV, NAB, NASB); CEV “after”; NRSV “once.”
2 tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonai).
3 tn The word refers elsewhere to vomit (Isa 28:8) and fecal material (Isa 36:12). Many English versions render this somewhat euphemistically as “filth” (e.g., NAB, NIV, NRSV). Ironically in God’s sight the beautiful jewelry described earlier is nothing but vomit and feces, for it symbolizes the moral decay of the city’s residents (cf. NLT “moral filth”).
4 sn See 1:21 for a related concept.
5 tn Heb “by a spirit of judgment and by a spirit of burning.” The precise meaning of the second half of the verse is uncertain. רוּחַ (ruakh) can be understood as “wind” in which case the passage pictures the Lord using a destructive wind as an instrument of judgment. However, this would create a mixed metaphor, for the first half of the verse uses the imagery of washing and rinsing to depict judgment. Perhaps the image would be that of a windstorm accompanied by heavy rain. רוּחַ can also mean “spirit,” in which case the verse may be referring to the Lord’s Spirit or, more likely, to a disposition that the Lord brings to the task of judgment. It is also uncertain if בָּעַר (ba’ar) here means “burning” or “sweeping away, devastating.”
6 sn The Lord here uses a metaphor from the realm of ritual purification. For the use of water in ritual cleansing, see Exod 30:19-20; Lev 14:51; Num 19:18; Heb 10:22.
7 tn Grk “answering, all the people said.” This construction is somewhat redundant in English and has been simplified in the translation.