40:11 Like a shepherd he tends his flock;
he gathers up the lambs with his arm;
he carries them close to his heart; 1
he leads the ewes along.
40:2 “Speak kindly to 2 Jerusalem, 3 and tell her
that her time of warfare is over, 4
that her punishment is completed. 5
For the Lord has made her pay double 6 for all her sins.”
1:1 From Paul, 7 an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy our brother,
5:22 But the fruit of the Spirit 8 is love, 9 joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 10
5:1 For freedom 11 Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not be subject again to the yoke 12 of slavery.
3:1 Not many of you should become teachers, my brothers and sisters, 20 because you know that we will be judged more strictly. 21
1 tn Heb “in his bosom” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV), an expression which reflects closeness and protective care.
2 tn Heb “speak to the heart of Jerusalem.” Jerusalem is personified as a woman.
3 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
4 tn Heb “that she is filled [with] her warfare.” Some understand צָבָא (tsavah, “warfare”) as meaning “hard service” or “compulsory labor” in this context.
5 tn Heb “that her punishment is accepted [as satisfactory].”
6 tn Heb “for she has received from the hand of the Lord double.” The principle of the double portion in punishment is also seen in Jer 16:18; 17:18 and Rev 18:6. For examples of the double portion in Israelite law, see Exod 22:4, 7, 9 (double restitution by a thief) and Deut 21:17 (double inheritance portion for the firstborn).
3 tn Grk “Paul.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.
4 tn That is, the fruit the Spirit produces.
5 sn Another way to punctuate this is “love” followed by a colon (love: joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control). It is thus possible to read the eight characteristics following “love” as defining love.
6 tn Or “reliability”; see BDAG 818 s.v. πίστις 1.a.
5 tn Translating the dative as “For freedom” shows the purpose for Christ setting us free; however, it is also possible to take the phrase in the sense of means or instrument (“with [or by] freedom”), referring to the freedom mentioned in 4:31 and implied throughout the letter.
6 sn Here the yoke figuratively represents the burdensome nature of slavery.
6 tn The participle ἰδόντες (idontes) has been taken temporally to retain the structure of the passage. Many modern translations, because of the length of the sentence here, translate this participle as a finite verb and break the Greek sentences into several English sentences (NIV, for example, begins new sentences at the beginning of both vv. 8 and 9).
7 tn Grk “to the uncircumcision,” that is, to the Gentiles.
8 tn Grk “to the circumcision,” a collective reference to the Jewish people.
7 tn Or “discredit,” “damage the reputation of.”
8 tn Or “willing to yield,” “open to persuasion.”
9 tn Grk “fruits.” The plural Greek term καρπούς has been translated with the collective singular “fruit.”
10 tn Or “sincere.”
9 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:2.
10 tn Grk “will receive a greater judgment.”
10 tc Most