43:10 You are my witnesses,” says the Lord,
“my servant whom I have chosen,
so that you may consider 1 and believe in me,
and understand that I am he.
No god was formed before me,
and none will outlive me. 2
49:3 He said to me, “You are my servant,
Israel, through whom I will reveal my splendor.” 3
49:4 But I thought, 4 “I have worked in vain;
I have expended my energy for absolutely nothing.” 5
But the Lord will vindicate me;
my God will reward me. 6
49:5 So now the Lord says,
the one who formed me from birth 7 to be his servant –
he did this 8 to restore Jacob to himself,
so that Israel might be gathered to him;
and I will be honored 9 in the Lord’s sight,
for my God is my source of strength 10 –
49:6 he says, “Is it too insignificant a task for you to be my servant,
to reestablish the tribes of Jacob,
and restore the remnant 11 of Israel? 12
I will make you a light to the nations, 13
so you can bring 14 my deliverance to the remote regions of the earth.”
52:13 “Look, my servant will succeed! 15
He will be elevated, lifted high, and greatly exalted 16 –
53:11 Having suffered, he will reflect on his work,
he will be satisfied when he understands what he has done. 17
“My servant 18 will acquit many, 19
for he carried their sins. 20
12:18 “Here is 21 my servant whom I have chosen,
the one I love, in whom I take great delight. 22
I will put my Spirit on him, and he will proclaim justice to the nations.
12:19 He will not quarrel or cry out,
nor will anyone hear his voice in the streets.
12:20 He will not break a bruised reed or extinguish a smoldering wick,
until he brings justice to victory.
2:7 but emptied himself
by taking on the form of a slave, 23
by looking like other men, 24
and by sharing in human nature. 25
1 tn Or “know” (KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).
2 tn Heb “and after me, there will not be”; NASB “there will be none after Me.”
3 sn This verse identifies the servant as Israel. This seems to refer to the exiled nation (cf. 41:8-9; 44:1-2, 21; 45:4; 48:20), but in vv. 5-6 this servant says he has been commissioned to reconcile Israel to God, so he must be distinct from the exiled nation. This servant is an ideal “Israel” who, like Moses of old, mediates a covenant for the nation (see v. 8), leads them out of bondage (v. 9a), and carries out God’s original plan for Israel by positively impacting the pagan nations (see v. 6b). By living according to God’s law, Israel was to be a model of God’s standards of justice to the surrounding nations (Deut 4:6-8). The sinful nation failed, but the servant, the ideal “Israel,” will succeed by establishing justice throughout the earth.
4 tn Or “said” (KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV); NLT “I replied.”
5 tn Heb “for nothing and emptiness.” Synonyms are combined to emphasize the common idea.
6 tn Heb “But my justice is with the Lord, and my reward [or “wage”] with my God.”
7 tn Heb “from the womb” (so KJV, NASB).
8 tn The words “he did this” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. In the Hebrew text the infinitive construct of purpose is subordinated to the previous statement.
9 tn The vav (ו) + imperfect is translated here as a result clause; one might interpret it as indicating purpose, “and so I might be honored.”
10 tn Heb “and my God is [perhaps, “having been”] my strength.” The disjunctive structure (vav [ו] + subject + verb) is interpreted here as indicating a causal circumstantial clause.
11 tn Heb “the protected [or “preserved”] ones.”
12 sn The question is purely rhetorical; it does not imply that the servant was dissatisfied with his commission or that he minimized the restoration of Israel.
13 tn See the note at 42:6.
14 tn Heb “be” (so KJV, ASV); CEV “you must take.”
15 tn Heb “act wisely,” which by metonymy means “succeed.”
16 tn This piling up of synonyms emphasizes the degree of the servant’s coming exaltation.
17 tn Heb “he will be satisfied by his knowledge,” i.e., “when he knows.” The preposition is understood as temporal and the suffix as a subjective genitive. Some take בְּדַעְתּוֹ (bÿda’to, “by his knowledge”) with what follows and translate “by knowledge of him,” understanding the preposition as instrumental and the suffix as objective.
18 sn The song ends as it began (cf. 52:13-15), with the Lord announcing the servant’s vindication and exaltation.
19 tn Heb “he will acquit, a righteous one, my servant, many.” צַדִּיק (tsadiq) may refer to the servant, but more likely it is dittographic (note the preceding verb יַצְדִּיק, yatsdiq). The precise meaning of the verb (the Hiphil of צָדַק, tsadaq) is debated. Elsewhere the Hiphil is used at least six times in the sense of “make righteous” in a legal sense, i.e., “pronounce innocent, acquit” (see Exod 23:7; Deut 25:1; 1 Kgs 8:32 = 2 Chr 6:23; Prov 17:15; Isa 5:23). It can also mean “render justice” (as a royal function, see 2 Sam 15:4; Ps 82:3), “concede” (Job 27:5), “vindicate” (Isa 50:8), and “lead to righteousness” (by teaching and example, Dan 12:3). The preceding context and the next line suggest a legal sense here. Because of his willingness to carry the people’s sins, the servant is able to “acquit” them.
20 tn The circumstantial clause (note the vav [ו] + object + subject + verb pattern) is understood as causal here. The prefixed verb form is either a preterite or an imperfect used in a customary manner.
21 tn Grk “Behold my servant.”
22 tn Grk “in whom my soul is well pleased.”
23 tn See the note on the word “slaves” in 1:1.
24 tn Grk “by coming in the likeness of people.”
25 tn Grk “and by being found in form as a man.” The versification of vv. 7 and 8 (so also NRSV) is according to the versification in the NA27 and UBS4 editions of the Greek text. Some translations, however, break the verses in front of this phrase (NKJV, NASB, NIV, NLT). The same material has been translated in each case; the only difference is the versification of that material.