47:1 “Fall down! Sit in the dirt,
O virgin 1 daughter Babylon!
Sit on the ground, not on a throne,
O daughter of the Babylonians!
Indeed, 2 you will no longer be called delicate and pampered.
47:2 Pick up millstones and grind flour!
Remove your veil,
strip off your skirt,
expose your legs,
cross the streams!
47:3 Let your private parts be exposed!
Your genitals will be on display! 3
I will get revenge;
I will not have pity on anyone,” 4
47:4 says our protector –
the Lord who commands armies is his name,
the Holy One of Israel. 5
47:5 “Sit silently! Go to a hiding place, 6
O daughter of the Babylonians!
Indeed, 7 you will no longer be called ‘Queen of kingdoms.’
50:42 Its soldiers are armed with bows and spears.
They are cruel and show no mercy.
They sound like the roaring sea
as they ride forth on their horses.
Lined up in formation like men going into battle,
they are coming against you, fair Babylon! 8
51:33 For the Lord God of Israel who rules over all says,
‘Fair Babylon 9 will be like a threshing floor
which has been trampled flat for harvest.
The time for her to be cut down and harvested
will come very soon.’ 10
1 tn בְּתוּלַה (bÿtulah) often refers to a virgin, but the phrase “virgin daughter” is apparently stylized (see also 23:12; 37:22). In the extended metaphor of this chapter, where Babylon is personified as a queen (vv. 5, 7), she is depicted as being both a wife and mother (vv. 8-9).
2 tn Or “For” (NASB, NRSV).
3 tn Heb “Your shame will be seen.” In this context “shame” is a euphemism referring to the genitals.
4 tn Heb “I will not meet a man.” The verb פָּגַע (pagah) apparently carries the nuance “meet with kindness” here (cf. 64:5, and see BDB 803 s.v. Qal.2).
5 tc The Hebrew text reads, “Our redeemer – the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] is his name, the Holy One of Israel.” The ancient Greek version adds “says” before “our redeemer.” אָמַר (’amar) may have accidentally dropped from the text by virtual haplography. Note that the preceding word אָדָם (’adam) is graphically similar.
6 tn Heb “darkness,” which may indicate a place of hiding where a fugitive would seek shelter and protection.
7 tn Or “For” (NASB, NRSV).
8 tn Heb “daughter Babylon.” The word “daughter” is a personification of the city of Babylon and its inhabitants.
9 sn Heb “Daughter Babylon.” See the study note at 50:42 for explanation.
10 tn Heb “Daughter Babylon will be [or is; there is no verb and the tense has to be supplied from the context] like a threshing floor at the time one tramples it. Yet a little while and the time of the harvest will come for her.” It is generally agreed that there are two figures here: one of leveling the threshing floor and stamping it into a smooth, hard surface and the other of the harvest where the grain is cut, taken to the threshing floor, and threshed by trampling the sheaves of grain to loosen the grain from the straw, and finally winnowed by throwing the mixture into the air (cf., e.g., J. A. Thompson, Jeremiah [NICOT], 760). The translation has sought to convey those ideas as clearly as possible without digressing too far from the literal.
11 tn Heb “live in [or “with” (cf. NASB), i.e., “among”] the daughter of Babylon” (so NIV; NAB “dwell in daughter Babylon”).